防空反导武器系统拦截群目标优化决策算法

空袭作战的快速性、突然性不断增强,现代防空反导系统面临的威胁日益增加,防空反导任务异常艰巨,而我防空武器系统拦截敌空袭目标排序问题又是一个现实、亟待解决的实际难题。结合现代空袭与反空袭的特点,从现有的拦截排序原则出发,对防空导弹武器系统拦截群目标问题进行分析,建立了排序优化模型,给出了拦截决策算法。最后通过示例对算法进行分析,得出算法既符合当前的拦截原则,同时又对当前原则进行了完善与推广,试图为决策人员提供科学、合理的模型依据与参考。     

基于改进TOPSIS法和蚁群算法的反TBM目标群目标分配研究

基于改进的TOPSIS法和蚁群算法,以弹道导弹目标群为研究对象,研究了反导指控系统对目标群的目标分配问题。首先通过改进的TOPSIS法确定TBM目标群威胁排序并基于拦截排序准则确定拦截排序;其次使作战效能最大化,基于蚁群算法确定目标的最优分配方案;最后通过仿真实例验证了在考虑目标威胁值排序前提下采用此算法,可使目标群分配方案更加科学有效和符合反导作战实际。     

基于改进TOPSIS法和蚁群算法的反TBM 目标群目标分配研究*

基于改进的TOPSIS法和蚁群算法,以弹道导弹目标群为研究对象,研究了反导指控系统对目标群的目标分配问题。首先通过改进的TOPSIS法确定TBM目标群威胁排序并基于拦截排序准则确定拦截排序;其次使作战效能最大化,基于蚁群算法确定目标的最优分配方案;最后通过仿真实例验证了在考虑目标威胁值排序前提下采用此算法,可使目标群分配方案更加科学有效和符合反导作战实际。     

防空导弹对目标拦截的模糊二元对比排序

确定对空袭兵器的拦截次序是防空导弹火力分配的重要内容.定性分析和定量计算相结合,利用模糊数学中的模糊二元对比排序法确定防空导弹对多个目标拦截的优先次序,先对模型进行描述,给出模糊相似关系矩阵及相应的计算方法,再以4种空袭兵器为作战对象,运用模型进行计算,得出直观的目标拦截排序结果,变模糊的、复杂的问题为直观的结论.为指挥员科学分配防空火力,最大限度地发挥防空导弹的制空效能奠定基础.     

基于区间灰色熵的HCM目标威胁评估研究

随着高超声速巡航导弹(HCM)的成功试验,其优越的全球快打性能给空防体系提出了严峻考验,进行高超声速巡航导弹目标的有效拦截,目标威胁评估是前提。提出了区间灰色熵的目标威胁评估方法,构建了目标威胁评估指标体系,建立了目标威胁评估模型,对不同高超声速巡航导弹的威胁排序进行了评估,对高超声速巡航导弹的拦截研究具有一定得借鉴与参考价值。     

双舰编队协同制导防空作战的动态拦截排序问题

针对双舰编队协同制导作战条件下如何对空袭目标进行排序这一问题,依据作战时间给出了排序算法。首先对平台的作战时间进行分析和求解,将射击周期分成了2段,把静态拦截排序问题转化为了2台处理机的同顺序作业排序问题,然后根据输入信息的改变而不断调整空袭目标的顺序以解决动态拦截排序问题,最后在想定条件下仿真计算,结果表明该算法具有较好的适用性。     

灰色逼近理想解排序法在目标威胁评估中的应用

针对空袭目标的威胁判断问题,分析了空袭目标威胁评判的准则;据此给出了影响目标威胁的主要因素.并给出了主要因素的隶属函数.在此基础上,结合灰色关联度和逼近理想解排序法,用灰色关联度替代逼近理想解排序法中传统的距离,给出了灰色逼近理想解排序法模型;最后,将模型运用于空袭目标威胁排序中,以实例证实此方法的科学性与可行性.     

一种指挥控制系统中的目标优化分配方法

对现有的目标优化分配模型进行了分析,给出了防空指挥控制系统中目标优化分配的工程背景,在该背景下,对影响目标优化分配的因素进行了分析总结,给出了一种以拦截效能为效益函数的目标优化分配模型,对该模型进行了仿真验证.     

一种雷达组网目标分配数学模型

根据雷达的探测性能和雷达运用的战术规则,结合雷达情报保障的要求,总结出了目标分配的准则,建立了目标分配的数学模型。该模型通过两个目标函数得到了目标分配的最优方案和方案优劣排序,排序结果供指挥员根据实际情况进行选择。仿真结果表明该数学模型比较有效地解决了目标分配问题。     

岛屿封锁作战炮兵目标价值排序的优化模型

通过对炮兵目标价值分析与排序的指标体系进行系统分析,在岛屿封锁这一特定的作战样式中选取了六种属性作为目标价值排序的准则,然后根据对各属性的评分,在权重未知的情况下从最优化角度出发,以各方案与理想方案的距离为目标函数建立了目标价值排序的优化模型,并采用拉格朗日乘数法对模型进行求解,得到最终的目标打击顺序.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.