基于图像识别的模拟射击精度判定方法

针对当前瞄靶训练效率低、无评判标准,而多数模拟射击训练系统忽视瞄准过程仅注重瞄准结果的现实问题,基于图像识别的模拟射击系统在击发瞬间采集瞄准图像,通过图像处理,得出觇孔圆中心、准星顶点中心和靶纸中心,再利用灰度矩细分定位法检测各中心之间的距离。根据射击原理,运用相似三角形的比例关系,计算得出模拟弹着点的方向和高低偏移量,从而得出模拟射击的射击精度,并通过实弹射击对其进行仿真及验证。结果证明,此方法可以有效地对模拟射击精度进行计算,且能获得每次击发后正确的瞄准修正方法,可替代当前的瞄靶训练。     

国产速率陀螺瞄准具环式快速射击状态的原理误差分析

在航空武器系统的有效性分析中,火控系统的精度分析是个极其重要的问题,而在讨论精度时原理误差是头等重要的。大家知道,一个用于对固定目标瞄准的十字线光学筒可以达到几分,几十秒甚至更高的精度。而出现在四十年代以后的半自动 G.G.S.瞄准具的机构误差总有好几十分。可是在对空中活动目标射击的情况下,后者显著优于前者,其原因是后者从原理上修正了目标运动和其它一些因     

基于四阶龙格-库塔公式的火控系统瞄准角修正模型

目前我军装甲突击车辆火控系统的弹道解算模型采用了线性多项式拟合的方法,且应用弹道刚性原理忽略了炮目高低角对射击精度的影响,其射表没有编制大炮目高低角射击时瞄准角的修正量,导致在进行大炮目高低角射击时,首发命中率受到了一定的影响,客观上制约了其火力性能的发挥。对此,利用四阶龙格-库塔公式,建立了对含有炮目高低角的外弹道方程直接进行数值求解的数学模型,得到更为精确的瞄准角,并通过matlab编程计算出瞄准角偏差量,从根本上解决大射角射击时弹道刚性原理产生的误差。     

武装直升机无控武器射击误差源分析

探讨了影响武装直升机无控武器对地射击准确度的因素 ,建立了武装直升机对地射击瞄准方程 ,定量分析了主要误差源对射击准确度的影响 ,得出了必须修正直升机迎角、旋翼下洗气流和平均风对射击准确度影响的结论     

舰炮一维弹道修正弹射击误差分离和校正研究

由于工作原理不同,传统无控弹射击校正方法不适用于一维弹道修正弹。分析了舰炮使用一维弹道修正弹射击误差构成和射击观测特点,提出一维弹道修正弹射击校正新方法,首先通过修正机构不工作,利用观测弹着点相对预测弹着点偏差平均值校正火控设备预测弹着点误差;然后利用修正弹正常工作时观测弹着点相对目标（或提前点）偏差平均值校正修正机构误差。假设各误差值,通过解弹道方程仿真计算表明,按新方法射击校正能够显著提高射击精度。     

舰炮对岸无瞄准点射击诸元计算模型

介绍了一种新的舰炮射击方法--舰炮对岸无瞄准点射击概念、原理,建立了目标相对坐标计算模型、观测舰位坐标转换模型,解决了水面舰艇舰炮对岸上目标射击诸元计算问题.舰炮对岸无瞄准点射击,解决了水面舰艇全天候对岸应召射击问题,显著提高了舰炮对岸打击能力和战术使用的灵活性.     

图片快递

辽宁某预备役炮兵团自行研制开发的“火炮瞄准遥控检查仪”和“火炮气象条件修正量测算仪”,解决了火炮在教学和恶劣环境条件下射击方面存在的难题,大大提高了训练水平和射击精度。     

追赶协调法——一种迅速完成协调跟踪的轰炸瞄准方法

能对目标进行协调跟踪瞄准的轰炸瞄准系统,要比一般的视准式瞄准系统(例如一些歼击机、强击机的射击和轰炸瞄准兼用的瞄准系统)优越。因为前者可以通过协调修正风对炸弹运动的影响,而使轰炸准确度显著提高。当轰炸瞄准时的飞行     

弹道修正弹火力分配

相对于无控弹,弹道修正弹的射击精度大幅提高,原有的无控弹的火力分配方案已不适用于弹道修正弹,因此对无控弹与修正弹的集火射击特点进行了研究,提出了一种针对弹道修正弹的均匀分块火力分配方案,仿真实例证明,该方案合理有效,可以根据所要达到的毁伤概率迅速计算出分块形式以及各个分块的瞄准点与耗弹量,便于应用。     

坦克激光测距在虚拟仿真中的研究与实现

激光测距仿真是坦克火控模拟训练系统的一个重要组成部分,也是构建坦克射击虚拟战场环境仿真研究的重点.以坦克激光测距为仿真研究对象,依据光点式火控系统功能模拟原理和激光测距机性能指标,建立了三维视景中激光测距仿真的变换模型,实现了火控仿真系统中坦克对任意目标的激光测距.该模型仿真精度较高,效果逼真,对提高坦克射击乘员在观察测距、瞄准目标的训练成绩上有较好的促进作用.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.