装甲钢板表面裂纹的金属磁记忆检测表征

采用预制裂纹-疲劳试验-金属磁记忆检测-信号比较分析的标定方法,研究了具有不同预制裂纹深度、不同疲劳载荷幅、不同载荷循环周次的高压五装甲钢板裂纹的金属磁记忆检测表征方法.结果表明,漏磁场法向分量的变化率与裂纹深度成正比.载荷幅越大,载荷循环周次越多,漏磁场法向分量的变化率越大,为采用金属磁记忆检测技术大量检测裂纹深度提供了一种标定方法.     

超声激励条件下微裂纹生热的有限元分析及试验研究

为解决现行装甲装备裂纹检测手段效率低、输出结果不直观等问题,将超声红外热波检测技术引入装甲装备零部件缺陷鉴定环节。针对装甲板等平板类结构的厚度特点,建立了厚度9～13121m的含微裂纹铝合金平板试件有限元分析模型,通过不同厚度试件微裂纹生热及裂纹面相对运动频谱的对比,揭示了微裂纹生热机理及其与试件厚度之间的关系。最后,通过试验验证了采用有限元分析的可行性。     

具有镀铬层的铁磁材料和零件的裂纹检测

阐述了具有镀铬层铁磁性零件的裂纹漏磁检测机理,探讨了基于循环搜索逼近的裂纹定量检测的基本方法。实测结果证明漏磁法检测具有镀铬层工件的缺陷是可靠的。     

铁磁材料裂纹漏磁信号的定量检测

针对无损探伤难于实现定量检测的问题,探讨了基于模式识别进行铁磁材料裂纹漏磁信号定量分析的原理和方法,通过在标准试件上的大量实验及在具有自然裂纹的工件上实际检测,取得了满意效果。     

管道漏磁检测探头提离效应仿真分析

对漏磁检测探头提离效应进行了探讨,建立了裂纹缺陷漏磁检测提离效应分析模型,分析了裂纹缺陷磁偶极子二维数学解析模型,研究了探头提离值对漏磁信号的影响规律。研究发现,在漏磁检测过程中,探头提离效应会影响磁场强度,随着提离值的增大,检测到的漏磁场强度由强变弱。提离值增大到一定值后,漏磁场强度达到一个恒定值,即对漏磁场的测量已经失去意义。因此要求在设计漏磁检测装置时,必须充分考虑检测探头提离效应的影响,以提高检测准确性。     

类V型微裂纹漏磁场数学模型

在磁荷偶极子理论基础上,对类V型微裂纹的泄漏磁场与微裂纹几何尺寸之间的关系进行了分析,建立了微裂纹宽度、微裂纹深度与泄漏场法向分量的数理模型。实验证明该数学模型具有较高的精度,为定量分析微裂纹信号打下了基础。     

择集滤波及其在图像信号处理中的应用

探讨了择集滤波的原理及聚类择集滤波的实现方法 ,并在漏磁检测中的裂纹三维图像重建中进行了应用 ,达到了保护图像信号结构成分及一些细节的目的 ,提高了图像清晰度。     

金属磁记忆管道检测机器人的应用研究

阐述了金属磁记忆检测技术的基本原理及磁记忆检测机器人的研究现状,针对存在的问题,基于形态分析法对不同驱动形式的机器人进行优选。提出了一种适用于150mm管径的螺旋轮式机器人驱动系统,对机器人的动力系统和检测单元进行设计,为长输管道磁记忆检测机器人的结构设计和优化提供了有益参考。     

基于微裂纹模型的材料可靠性预计

讨论了微裂纹的某些不同于大型裂纹的增长特性,提出了一种微裂纹在某种材料上的多级扩展模型,利用微裂纹的增长数据来预计材料的可靠性。     

管道超声导波无损检测技术应用研究

利用研制的磁致伸缩超声导波无损检测装置对长直无缝钢管、舰用锅炉U型管和弯管进行了大量试验研究.研究发现,通过对该装置中磁致伸缩传感器的放置位置及方向进行适当调整,此装置即可在管道中激发纵向导波;该技术对管道壁厚减薄、磨损或腐蚀、裂纹、焊缝等缺陷同样具有检测能力;选择低频(20~40 kHz)激励脉冲信号有利于减少波的发散特性和提高缺陷的检测能力;导波在管道中传播衰减缓慢,适用于长距离、大范围、快速、非接触管道检测.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.