沥青纤维不熔化过程的红外光声光谱研究

沥青纤维在其不熔化过程中,发生了一系列复杂的化学变化。本文应用红外光声光谱法,分析研究沥青纤维以空气作不熔化介质,在不同温度下,所得一系列沥青不熔化纤维的组成与结构的变化     

扩链剂对TDI封端聚醚预聚物反应速度的影响

用FTIR研究了不同活性的扩链剂对TDI封端PPG预聚物固化速度和反应动力学的影响.结果表明:3种扩链剂与TDI封端PPG预聚物固化反应速度分别按1,3丁二醇、1,4丁二醇、MOCA的顺序增加,室温下3种扩链剂在固化前期均遵循二级反应动力学规律,其固化反应为二级反应,因此不同活性的扩链剂不影响TDI封端PPG预聚物固化反应的反应级数.     

新型潜伏性环氧树脂体系固化动力学

采用非等温差示扫描量热(DSC)技术对改性咪唑类固化剂(MIM)及其微胶囊固化剂(MIC)与E-51环氧树脂的固化反应过程进行了跟踪,并利用Kissinger和Crane方程对该固化反应进行了动力学分析,在此基础上探讨了固化剂包覆处理前后其环氧树脂体系的固化动力学参数与固化剂室温贮存性能的关系。结果表明:在不同升温速率下,E-51/MIM反应体系的放热量均大于E-51/MIC体系;两固化反应体系的反应级数均为0.89;与E-51/MIM体系相比,E-51/MIC体系的固化反应活化能和频率熵因子均较大,并具有更好的室温贮存性能。     

树脂浸渍裂解对气相硅反应渗透C/SiC的影响

粘胶基碳纤维毡经过CVD工艺进行沉积碳增密处理后,采用酚醛树脂浸渍—裂解对C/C素坯的密度进行调节,通过气相硅渗透反应工艺制备了C/SiC复合材料。研究了树脂浸渍—裂解对C/C素坯密度和气孔率的影响规律,分析了树脂裂解碳对C/SiC显微形貌和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着树脂浸渍—裂解循环次数的增加,素坯密度增加,孔隙率降低;裂解碳含量为27wt%时,C/SiC复合材料的强度和模量达到最大,分别为231MPa和209GPa。通过控制裂解碳含量,可以实现对C/SiC复合材料力学性能和微观结构的裁剪。     

Effect of nano powder (Al2O3-CaO) addition on the mechanical properties of the polymer blend matrix composite

This work describes the preparation and study of the properties of composite nanoparticles prepared by the sol-gel method which consists of two materials (Al₂O₃-CaO), and study the effect of these nanoparticles on the mechanical behavior of a polymer blend (EP 4% + 96% UPE). The powder was evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM), particle size analysis, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The mechanical behavior of the composite material was assessed by tensile test, bending test and hardness test. The evaluation results of the composite nanoparticles showed good distribution of the chemical composition between aluminum oxide and calcium oxide, smoothness in particles' size at calcination in high and low temperatures, formation of different shapes of nanoparticles and different (kappa and gamma) phases of the Al₂O₃ particles. The results of mechanical behavior tests showed marked improvement in the mechanical properties of the resulted composite material, especially at 1.5%, compared with polymer blend material without nano powder addition. The tensile properties improved about (24 and 14.9) % and bending resistance about (23.5 and 16.8) % and hardness by (25 and 22) % when adding particles of size (63.8 and 68.6) respectively. Therefore, this reflects the efficiency of the proposed method to manufacture the nanocomposite powder and the possibility of using this powder as a strengthening material for the composite materials and using these composite materials in bio applications, especially in the fabrication of artificial limbs.     

The effect of sintering and cooling process on geometry distortion and mechanical properties transition of PTFE/Al reactive materials

In this research, the effect of the sintering and cooling process on geometry distortion and mechanical properties of PTFE/Al reactive material is investigated. Six particularly selected sintering temperatures, three different cooling modes (annealing cooling, normalizing cooling and rapid cooling), three different initial cooling temperatures, as well as six different final cooling temperatures were designed to compare the effects of sintering temperature, cooling rate, initial cooling temperature and final cooling temperature on the properties of reactive materials. Geometry distortion was quantitatively analyzed by a statistic on the dimensional changes of the specimens and microscopic morphology. A mechanical response properties transition from brittle to ductile was found and analyzed. By combining the thermodynamic properties of PTFE and unsteady heat conduction theory, mechanisms of cooling induced morphology change, temperature induced distortion and strength decrease were obtained. The results showed that the cooling rate has the most significant effect on the morphology transformation, while initial cooling temperature has more significant effect on the dimensional distortion than final cooling temperature. As to the mechanical properties transition from brittle to plastic, a more prominent effect of initial cooling temperature than cooling rate and final temperature was revealed.     

复合固体推进剂等效力学性能VCFEM细观预示方法

根据固体推进剂的细观结构特征,采用等圆最优装载方式生成代表性体积单元(Representative Volume Element,RVE)模型,并结合Voronoi单元有限元方法(Voronoi Cell Finite Element Method,VCFEM)和均匀化方法,发展了一种可预示固体推进剂等效力学性能的数值分析方法,从而得到体分比和组分材料对等效模量和等效泊松比的影响规律。为证明该方法的有效性,设计一个对称数值模型,通过对该方法和传统有限元方法的节点位移结果的比较,发现两者之间的相对误差小于5%,且VCFEM用少量单元就完成了分析,提高了计算效率。通过对不同细观结构下推进剂RVE模型的计算,发现随着夹杂体分比的增大,夹杂的颗粒增强效应越明显,基体材料的变化比夹杂材料对等效力学性能有着更加显著的影响。     

含诱导缺陷复合材料T型接头的弯曲失效实验

通过实验研究含不同诱导缺陷的复合材料T型接头的弯曲力学性能和失效过程,采用引入脱黏缺陷和三角区填充率缺陷来诱导T型接头的不同失效模式。结果表明不同失效模式下T型接头所表现出来的弯曲力学性能差异极大,完好的T型接头所能承受的载荷为288.5N,界面脱黏会削弱其30%的承载能力,而三角区填充率的减少会导致裂纹在填充区内部引发和扩展,导致T型接头的弯曲力学性能大幅降低。     

先驱体转化致密SiC纳米复合材料的制备及其热电性能

以聚碳硅烷和锑改性聚硅烷为先驱体,利用先驱体转化SiC材料的富余自由碳高温石墨化的微观结构演变特点,采用热压烧结、先驱体浸渍—裂解法以及退火工艺制备出先驱体转化SiC纳米复合材料。采用SEM、TEM、XRD和Raman等测试手段表征和分析了相组成和微观结构,讨论了样品的热导率、电导率和塞贝克系数等热电参数随温度变化关系。研究表明,所得致密SiC纳米复合材料为n型热电材料。由于纳米石墨的作用,材料热导率抑制在4–8W/(m?K)范围。1600°C退火处理能够降低热导率,同时提高电导率和塞贝克系数绝对值,使先驱体转化法得到的SiC纳米复合材料无量纲热电优值ZT达到0.0028（650°C）,高于其他已报道的致密SiC/C复合材料和纳米复合材料体系。     

Bivariate models from univariate life distributions: A characterization cum modeling approach

Bivariate life distribution models are of importance for studying interdependent components. We present a generic approach by introducing a new concept of characterized model in stead of a characterized distribution. It strikes a balance between characterization and modeling approaches to eliminate their individual limitations and incorporate their respective strengths. The proposed model, being a characterized one, admits many important properties irrespective of the choice of marginal distributions. The retention of univariate IFR, DFR, IFRA, DFRA, NBU, and NWU class properties in the bivariate setup has been ensured along with some results on series combinations and convolution. No other models, available in the literature, can ensure simultaneous retention of these fundamental and extremely important class properties. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004