Supply chain coordination with product line design and a revenue sharing scheme

Many manufacturers sell their products through retailers and share the revenue with those retailers. Given this phenomenon, we build a stylized model to investigate the role of revenue sharing schemes in supply chain coordination and product variety decisions. In our model, a monopolistic manufacturer serves two segments of consumers, which are distinguished by their willingness to pay for quality. In the scenario with exogenous revenue sharing ratios, when the potential gain from serving the low segment is substantial (e.g., the low‐segment consumers' willingness to pay is high enough or the low segment takes a large enough proportion of the market), the retailer is better off abandoning the revenue sharing scheme. Moreover, when the potential gain from serving the low (high) segment is substantial enough, the manufacturer finds it profitable to offer a single product. Furthermore, when revenue sharing ratios are endogenous, we divide our analysis into two cases, depending on the methods of cooperation. When revenue sharing ratios are negotiated at the very beginning, the decentralized supply chain causes further distortion. This suggests that the central premise of revenue sharing—the coordination of supply chains—may be undermined if supply chain parties meticulously bargain over it.     

Mean residual life of coherent systems consisting of multiple types of dependent components

Mean residual life is a useful dynamic characteristic to study reliability of a system. It has been widely considered in the literature not only for single unit systems but also for coherent systems. This article is concerned with the study of mean residual life for a coherent system that consists of multiple types of dependent components. In particular, the survival signature based generalized mixture representation is obtained for the survival function of a coherent system and it is used to evaluate the mean residual life function. Furthermore, two mean residual life functions under different conditional events on components’ lifetimes are also defined and studied.     

面向快速响应发射的机动测控力量构建

快速响应发射是太空作战背景下实现快速进入、反击作战及重建太空信息支援作战能力的重要保障。立足未来太空作战需要,本文提出构建全域机动测控力量的设想。该测控力量以快速响应发射、应急航天搜救以及商业航天发射为目标,并具备全面对抗条件下全域范围内机动作战、独立遂行测控任务的能力。文章研究分析了测控力量作战编成,并对后续作战应用进行探讨,以完善现有测控力量体系、提升测控作战能力。     

浅析储油罐安全容量的确定计算

由于油料具有热膨胀性,在运输和储存期间,如果油罐装油超过安全容量,当温度升高时,罐内油料体积膨胀,就可能导致溢油事故的发生,不仅造成油料数量的损失,甚至会引发火灾事故。正确确定不同油罐的安全容量,对油料的安全具有重要意义。文章阐述了油罐安全容量的概念,分析了安全容量计算不准确可能造成的危害,提出了油罐安全容量的计算方法。     

Nonperiodic preventive maintenance for repairable systems

As a complex system with multiple components usually deteriorates with age, preventive maintenance (PM) is often performed to keep the system functioning in a good state to prolong its effective age. In this study, a nonhomogeneous Poisson process with a power law failure intensity is used to describe the deterioration of a repairable system, and the optimal nonperiodic PM schedule can be determined to minimize the expected total cost per unit time. However, since the determination of such optimal PM policies may involve numerous uncertainties, which typically make the analyses difficult to perform because of the scarcity of data, a Bayesian decision model, which utilizes all available information effectively, is also proposed for determining the optimal PM strategies. A numerical example with a real failure data set is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results show that the optimal schedules derived by Bayesian approach are relatively more conservative than that for non‐Bayesian approach because of the uncertainty of the intensity function, and if the intensity function are updated using the collected data set, which indicates more severe deterioration than the prior belief, replacing the entire system instead of frequent PM activities before serious deterioration is suggested. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

Approximation results for min‐max path cover problems in vehicle routing

This article studies a min‐max path cover problem, which is to determine a set of paths for k capacitated vehicles to service all the customers in a given weighted graph so that the largest path cost is minimized. The problem has wide applications in vehicle routing, especially when the minimization of the latest service completion time is a critical performance measure. We have analyzed four typical variants of this problem, where the vehicles have either unlimited or limited capacities, and they start from either a given depot or any depot of a given depot set. We have developed approximation algorithms for these four variants, which achieve approximation ratios of max{3 ‐ 2/k,2}, 5, max{5 ‐ 2/k,4}, and 7, respectively. We have also analyzed the approximation hardness of these variants by showing that, unless P = NP , it is impossible for them to achieve approximation ratios less than 4/3, 3/2, 3/2, and 2, respectively. We have further extended the techniques and results developed for this problem to other min‐max vehicle routing problems.© 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

基于贝叶斯网络的态势认识

态势认识的本质是通过因果推理进行态势理解和诊断推理以实现态势预测,不确定性知识表示和推理是态势认识过程中需要解决的两个重要问题。基于贝叶斯网络易于进行不确定性推理的优点,综合应用贝叶斯网络因果推理和诊断推理,提出了态势认识的贝叶斯网络模型,应用贝叶斯网络信息传播算法,给出了态势认识系统实现的方法,并通过实例计算论证了该方法的可行性和实用性。     

基于任务和角色的工作流系统权限控制

工作流系统权限管理的权限控制是工作流的重要因素.对传统的访问控制权限进行改进,在基于角色和任务的工作流权限管理系统中将任务与组织、时间进行关联,并使用Petri网来对工作流进行建模,在工作流推进的不同时段,采用不同的存取权限表来实现权限控制,为工作流的权限管理提出一种新的思路.     

二维弹道修正弹修正方法

为提高弹箭密集度,采用阻力修正原理进行纵向距离修正;增设阻尼片,调节炮弹的极阻尼力矩来改变炮弹旋转速度,进而调节偏流大小来实现侧向弹道修正,是一种低成本的二维弹道修正技术。基于牛顿流理论、经验公式和风洞实验数据提出了组合式二维修正机构弹道修正弹的扩增阻力系数和扩增极阻尼力矩系数计算方法,对不同阻力环、阻尼片结构的气动力进行了数值计算分析。分析了组合式二维弹道修正弹的侧向弹道修正原理,建立了其飞行弹道数学模型,对阻力环、阻尼片机构在飞行弹道上不同位置处作用对应的射程修正量、侧向弹道修正能力和动态飞行稳定性进行了数值计算。结果表明:该二维弹道修正技术可以满足对弹道纵向和侧向偏差修正的需求,且不影响炮弹的飞行稳定性。     

C~4ISR系统仿真测试研究

针对一种C4ISR系统在测试时的特点,提出了模拟仿真测试的方案,建立了仿真装备与指挥系统的交互模型,设计了交互对象的自动匹配算法,并在实际系统的仿真测试中得到应用和验证。