The limits of covert action: SAS operations during ‘Confrontation’, 1964–66

This article evaluates the performance of the Special Air Service (SAS) during secret cross-border raids conducted as part of Britain’s undeclared war against Indonesia from 1963–1966. The analysis reviews the existing debate on the SAS’ performance during this campaign; it looks more closely at how military effectiveness might be defined; and it then examines, using the SAS’ own operations reports, the nature of their activities and their success or failure. This article concludes that critics of the SAS’ effectiveness during Confrontation are right; but for the wrong reasons. SAS operations did indeed have less effect than orthodox accounts would have it. But the reasons for this lay not in their misuse but in the exigencies of British strategy. This article demonstrates an enduring truth – no matter how ‘special’ a military force might be, tactical excellence cannot compensate reliably for problems in strategy.     

基于公平谓词法的JMS消息过滤改进算法

研究了JMS发布／订阅消息传递模式的工作机制，分析了JMS在对事件进行匹配时的过滤算法，针对该算法的不足提出了采用公平谓词法来改进JMS的消息过滤速度，改进方法对基于JMS的发布／订阅应用程序的开发具有一定的指导意义。     

载频带宽同步倍频的高频大带宽线性调频信号光产生方法

针对高载频、大带宽线性调频信号产生需求,提出一种基于级联马赫-曾德尔调制器(Mach-Zehnder Modulator, MZM)的载频带宽同步倍频的高载频、大带宽线性调频信号光产生方法。理论分析表明,通过合理设置级联MZM的直流偏置点和线性调频信号幅度等参数,可产生载频和带宽同步倍频且倍频系数可调的线性调频信号。在此基础上利用光学系统软件进行相应的仿真验证,利用载频和带宽分别为5 GHz和2 GHz的线性调频信号产生了载频和带宽分别为40 GHz、15.07 GHz和58.25 GHz、19.5 GHz的线性调频信号。仿真结果验证了该方法的可行性,也验证了产生的信号具有较好的压缩性。     

西藏与内地古建筑常用木材燃烧特性对比研究

为研究西藏高海拔条件对古建筑火灾的影响,分别在拉萨与廊坊进行了中等规模木垛燃烧实验。测得了木垛燃烧的质量损失速率、火焰高度和燃烧温度,并分析了空气中氧气含量和大气压力对木垛引燃和燃烧的影响。实验表明：在拉萨低气压条件下,木垛引燃难度加大、燃烧时间增加、质量损失速率降低、木垛中心温度降低。     

基于熵的炮兵武器系统效能评估

随着炮兵武器系统信息化程度的不断提高和作战样式的发展,如何根据这些变化进行科学、准确的效能评估对其作战运用等具有重要的现实意义.根据目前及将来可能的炮兵武器系统运用特点,将其划分为信息力、打击力、机动力、防护力和保障力五个分系统,用信息熵来度量各系统完成规定任务的程度,并以此为基础,提出了一种评估炮兵武器系统效能的方法,建立了评估模型,结合Matlab所绘图形对模型作了深入的分析,得出了炮兵武器系统效能与信息量并不是简单的正比关系,其增加速度经历了一个"快速增加→增加变缓→降低→趋于稳定值0"的变化过程的结论.     

室内装饰织物燃烧特性研究

室内装饰织物因其容易点燃、燃烧速度快、蔓延迅速等燃烧特性,对室内火灾的发展蔓延及火灾危害都有重要影响。运用锥形量热仪对棉麻、涤纶、帆布、泡纱、条绒等5种室内装饰织物的燃烧性能进行了实验研究,测量了室内装饰织物在不同热辐射条件下的燃烧特性,并对实验数据进行图像拟合,通过具体的实验数据和图像分析比较了5种室内装饰织物在不同热辐射条件下的点燃时间、热释放速率、质量损失速率、比消光面积及CO生成量。最后得出了各种织物的火灾危险性相对大小。     

反渗透系统水的回收率研究

反渗透技术是海水淡化技术的重要组成部分，其中水的回收率设计问题是反渗透系统设计的重要方面。在不影响反渗透膜寿命的前提下，回收率设计最基本的依据是提高整个系统的经济性。在综合分析回收率对系统规模、运行成本以及传质过程三个方面的影响之后，认为提高回收率有利于降低系统规模的建设成本以及运行成本，但是由于膜的传质过程的条件限制，回收率的提高必须限定在一个范围内。     

Combating nuclear smuggling? Exploring drivers and challenges to detecting nuclear and radiological materials at maritime facilities

International concern over nuclear terrorism has grown during the past few decades. This has driven a broad spectrum of efforts to strengthen nuclear security globally, including the widespread adoption of radiation-detection technology for border monitoring. Detection systems are now deployed at strategic locations for the purported purpose of detecting and deterring the smuggling of nuclear and radioactive materials. However, despite considerable investment in this area, few studies have examined how these programs are implemented or the operational challenges they face on a day-to-day basis. This article seeks to address this with a focus on radiation-detection efforts at maritime facilities. Utilizing practitioner interviews and a survey, this article identifies the factors that influence the planning and use of these systems in this fast-moving environment. The results clearly demonstrate that the implementation of these systems varies significantly across different national and organizational contexts, resulting in a fragmented global nuclear-detection architecture, which arguably undermines efforts to detect trafficked nuclear-threat materials. Greater consideration should therefore be given to developing international standards and guidance, designing and adopting tools to support key parts of the alarm assessment process, and broader sharing of good practice.     

Some new results on the preservation of the NBUE and NWUE aging classes under the formation of coherent systems

We consider the classical problem of whether certain classes of lifetime distributions are preserved under the formation of coherent systems. Under the assumption of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) component lifetimes, we consider the NBUE (new better than used in expectation) and NWUE (new worse than used in expectation) classes. First, a necessary condition for a coherent system to preserve the NBUE class is given. Sufficient conditions are then obtained for systems satisfying this necessary condition. The sufficient conditions are satisfied for a collection of systems which includes all parallel systems, but the collection is shown to be strictly larger. We also prove that no coherent system preserves the NWUE class. As byproducts of our study, we obtain the following results for the case of i.i.d. component lifetimes: (a) the DFR (decreasing failure rate) class is preserved by no coherent systems other than series systems, and (b) the IMRL (increasing mean residual life) class is not preserved by any coherent systems. Generalizations to the case of dependent component lifetimes are briefly discussed.     

可靠度限制下相控阵雷达天线阵面T/R单元维修模型

为了描述维修活动对相控阵雷达天线阵面系统的影响，构建了以可靠度为基础的“修旧不如新”定期维修优化模型。对相控阵雷达T/R单元失效下的天线性能参数进行分析，根据指标确定系统不能正常工作的失效T/R单元阈值; 针对大部分维修活动都难以使T/R单元修复如新的事实，引入失效率递增因子，在系统一定的可靠度水平上，以相控阵雷达系统的使用可用度和维修费用率为优化决策参数，建立了系统的维修优化模型，并运用边际效能算法对系统的最佳预防换件维修周期和换件维修组数量进行求解。实例运算结果表明,该模型突破了已有模型“修旧如新”的限制条件，更符合实际，能为维修策略的制定提供理论依据。