近期美国海军南海地区活动态势分析

随着南海地区力量结构和美对华战略的转变，南海地区成为中美战略博弈的焦点。为围堵遏制中国的崛起，美国针对中国在南海实施了一系列海上挑衅行为。美国海军作为美国军事干预的主要力量，从兵力部署、演习演训、“航行自由”行动等着手，积极拉拢域内外盟友，展开并强化了在南海地区的军事活动。这些军事活动表现出极强的针对性和实战性，致使中美海上摩擦和竞争加剧。未来，美国为维护主导的全球秩序，将进一步提升美国海军在南海地区的威慑力。美国海军会借助并增加域内盟友的军事力量，继续维持高强度的装备平台活动及“航行自由”行动，推动海上力量合作。     

Innovation for seapower: U.S. Navy strategy in an age of acceleration

ABSTRACT

A call for innovation as a means to outpace the acceleration of technological change and to bolster capabilities quickly is a central theme of contemporary U.S. Naval Strategy. The need for innovation is accepted, but the integration of readily available technologies into the Fleet is slow. Innovation unfolds according to “Navy-Time,” a cycle lasting between a long-decade and thirty-years. To accelerate the innovation process in the U.S. Navy, the article offers a Concept of Operations for Innovation that outlines how a deliberate process of analysis, weaponisation and integration can move new ideas and weapons into the Fleet in a strategically relevant time-frame.     

What U.S. Navy strategists and defense planners should think about in the era of maritime great power competition

ABSTRACT

For the first time in a generation, the US Navy finds itself in an era of great power competition. As US naval strategists and defense planners begin to organise materially and conceptually to confront the strategic and operational-level challenges posed by China and Russia, what should they keep in mind? What should frame their thinking? Absorbed with the day-to-day tasks associated with managing how the fleet is being built, operated, and rationalised, these busy officers and civilians seldom can step back and gain some perspective on fundamental aspects of the security environment and relate those to naval purpose. To that end, this article provides a primer on what to keep in mind and how to think in an era of maritime great power competition.     

Exact analysis of (R,s, S) inventory control systems with lost sales and zero lead time

We study an (R, s, S) inventory control policy with stochastic demand, lost sales, zero lead‐time and a target service level to be satisfied. The system is modeled as a discrete time Markov chain for which we present a novel approach to derive exact closed‐form solutions for the limiting distribution of the on‐hand inventory level at the end of a review period, given the reorder level (s) and order‐up‐to level (S). We then establish a relationship between the limiting distributions for adjacent values of the reorder point that is used in an efficient recursive algorithm to determine the optimal parameter values of the (R, s, S) replenishment policy. The algorithm is easy to implement and entails less effort than solving the steady‐state equations for the corresponding Markov model. Point‐of‐use hospital inventory systems share the essential characteristics of the inventory system we model, and a case study using real data from such a system shows that with our approach, optimal policies with significant savings in inventory management effort are easily obtained for a large family of items.     

基于MVC的分布式作战应用框架研究

MVC作为一种经典的软件模式,在界面程序设计和B/S系统中得到了广泛应用.随着分布式技术的发展,MVC的含义和用途变得更加广泛,不仅可以用于组件的构造,也可用于分布式程序的设计.针对MVC模式和分布式作战应用的特点进行了深入分析,提出了一种基于MVC的分布式作战应用框架,在保持传统C/S架构优势的同时,增强了系统的可扩展性,实现了业务流程和逻辑计算的有效分离,为大型C/S作战应用系统的开发提供了一个有效的架构解决方案.     

谈奥巴马时代美国的联合国政策

奥巴马对联合国政策的调整，反映出奥巴马政府全球外交和安全战略的需要，体现了实用主义外交风格。较之于其前任，奥巴马将更加重视联合国维和行动，并让联合国更多地参与解决包括伊拉克和阿富汗在内的热点问题。奥巴马的联合国政策面临挑战，联合国仅仅是奥巴马实现美国国家利益的手段之一。     

美军推进人工智能军事应用的举措、挑战及启示

人工智能技术的发展加速了军事智能化的脚步。本文分析了美军在推进人工智能军事应用方面采取的一系列举措，如注重国家战略层面的顶层设计，出台一系列智能化发展战略规划；部署各类军事智能化研究项目，开展大数据、智能算法研究，促进人工智能技术向情报处理、无人作战平台、指挥控制、武器装备系统、作战方式变革的渗透转化；重视智能化技术的基础理论研究和人才培养，聚焦核心和关键技术的突破，夯实军事智能化发展的基础。阐述了美军在推进人工智能军事应用进程中面临的来自技术、信任、伦理等多方面的挑战，并从成熟算法民转军用、寻求认知智能算法突破、培养军事智能化复合型人才等角度提出几点启示。     

C^3I/M＆S互操作性研究

结合C^3I/M＆S互操作性的主要问题,总结了互操作性技术参考模型,在此基础上对C^3I/M＆S互操作性的数据模型及标准、接口标准进行了详细论述,介绍了北约C^3I/SIM互操作性试验情况,并指出了未来C^3I/M＆S互操作性研究的发展趋势,对军队C^3I系统和仿真系统的建设有一定的指导意义。     

美军“力量提供者”系统与野营装备建设

以美军“力量提供者”系统为研究对象，介绍其功能参数和模块组成以及部署流程，并对其先进性和不足之处进行综合评价。对照现有野营装备建设现状，提出应该加强野营装备研究、增强战略投送能力、建立专业保障力量等思考，以提高未来信息化联合作战中野营装备建设水平。     

The Trump effect downunder: U.S. allies,Australian strategic culture,and the politics of path dependence

Donald Trump’s election precipitated a debate in Australia about the value of retaining close alliance ties with the United States. Similar dynamics are discernible in other U.S. allies as the negative impact of Trump administration policies becomes clearer. Yet despite this “Trump effect,” we argue Australia is unlikely to distance itself from the United States because at the core of Australia’s strategic culture is a very positive “cultural orientation” toward the United States that is highly institutionalized in treaties, formal bilateral ties, Track 2 diplomacy, and public opinion. Such institutionalized ties have powerful path dependent effects. Accordingly, we conclude that the Trump effect does not constitute a powerful enough “exogenous shock” to move Australia off its well-worn grand-strategic path. But this alliance relationship is marked by both high cultural affinity and high institutionalization: American policy-makers should seriously consider whether other U.S. allies can tolerate similar levels of “stress.”