Increasing of photostability of HNS explosive in the presence of UV photostabilizers

The photostabilies of hexanitrostillbene(HNS)were studied at 1％wt.of photostabilizers.The photo-stabilizers of Chiguard BP-12(UV-531),ADK STAB LA-326(UV-326),ADK STAB LA-32(UV-P),Irganox 1010 and Everstab LS944 were used in this study.A photoreactor including a 30 W monochromatic UV lamp was used for investigation of photodegradations of solid HNS.The changes in surface area of HNS peak in HPLC chromatogram at time intervals of 2,4,6 and 8 h were used for calculation of kinetic rate constants of photodegradation process.The compound of UV-P photostabilizer was found to have the greatest effect on enhancing photostability for HNS among the investigated photostabilizers.The kinetic rate constants were obtained 6.2 × 10-2 and 4.1 × 10-2 h-1,respectively,for photodegradation process of HNS in absence and in presence of UV-P.     

Mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of polyurea nanocomposites under quasi-static and dynamic compressive loading

Polyurea is an elastomeric material that can be applied to enhance the protection ability of structures under blast and impact loading.In order to study the compressive mechanical properties of SiC/polyurea nanocomposites under quasi-static and dynamic loading,a universal testing machine and split Hop-kinson pressure bar(SHPB)apparatus were used respectively.The stress-strain curves were obtained on polyurea and its composites at strain rates of 0.001-8000 s-1.The results of the experiment suggested that increase in the strain rates led to the rise of the flow stress,compressive strength,strain rate sensitivity and strain energy.This indicates that all of the presented materials were dependent on strain rate.Moreover,these mechanical characters were enhanced by incorporating a small amount of SiC into polyurea matrix.The relation between yield stress and strain rates were established using the power law functions.Finally,in order to investigate the fracture surfaces and inside information of failed specimens,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and micro X-ray computed tomography(micro-CT)were used respectively.Multiple voids,crazes,micro-cracks and cracking were observed in fracture surfaces.On the other hand,the cracking propagation was found in the micro-CT slice images.It is essential to understand the deformation and failure mechanisms in all the polyurea materials.     

线性方程组二级迭代法的收敛速度

二级迭代法由内、外迭代和内迭代次数三部分组成。给出了线性方程组二级迭代法R1-收敛因子的一个上界,这个上界由内、外迭代的R1-收敛因子和内迭代次数所决定,其主部为外迭代的R1-收敛因子。在矩阵单调性条件下,对于任何内迭代方法和任意内迭代次数,证明了外迭代的R1-收敛因子也是二级迭代法R1-收敛因子的下界。所得结果反映了内、外迭代的收敛速度以及内迭代次数对于二级迭代法收敛速度的综合影响。     

Single machine scheduling with a restricted rate‐modifying activity

In this paper we consider the problem of scheduling a set of jobs on a single machine on which a rate‐modifying activity may be performed. The rate‐modifying activity is an activity that changes the production rate of the machine. So the processing time of a job is a variable, which depends on whether it is scheduled before or after the rate‐modifying activity. We assume that the rate‐modifying activity can take place only at certain predetermined time points, which is a constrained case of a similar problem discussed in the literature. The decisions under consideration are whether and when to schedule the rate‐modifying activity, and how to sequence the jobs in order to minimize some objectives. We study the problems of minimizing makespan and total completion time. We first analyze the computational complexity of both problems for most of the possible versions. The analysis shows that the problems are NP‐hard even for some special cases. Furthermore, for the NP‐hard cases of the makespan problem, we present a pseudo‐polynomial time optimal algorithm and a fully polynomial time approximation scheme. For the total completion time problem, we provide a pseudo‐polynomial time optimal algorithm for the case with agreeable modifying rates. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005     

基于程度分析法的消防安全评价

为了控制和防范火灾的发生,减少其对人民和社会的威胁,对建筑物进行更为准确、高效的火灾风险评估十分必要。在层次分析法的基础上,选取不同层次的评价者,采用程度分析法对建筑消防安全指标的安全度和权重进行评估,然后根据各个指标的安全度和权重的评估值得到建筑的安全度,最后运用程度分析法对某购物广场的消防安全度进行了评估。评价结果说明程度分析法脱离了以往专家打分的方法对评价者要求过高的束缚,同时比专家打分的方法具有更好的稳定性,是对消防安全评价方法的一个补充。     

星载干涉仪无源定位新方法及其误差分析

针对传统单星二维干涉仪测向定位存在的设备量大、易受通道间幅度/相位不一致性影响等缺点,提出了在单颗自旋卫星上只安装两个接收通道构成一维干涉仪,测量相位差变化率的无源定位新方法,采用了基于粒子群优化(PSO)的定位算法,分析了干涉仪转速以及旋转平面对定位性能的影响.结果表明,增大干涉仪转速有利于提高定位精度,为了使星下点周围各个方向上都有较好的定位精度,干涉仪旋转平面应与初始观测时刻卫星位置矢量垂直,PS0算法的定位精度能够接近定位误差的克拉美罗下限(CRLB).     

六方位相对标图法绘算目标运动参数

基于相对运动原理以及观测平台在机动前后以被动方式分别测取的目标六个不同方位,提出了一种观测平台隐蔽确定目标运动参数的相对标图绘算方法。文章论证了该方法的基本原理和给出了具体的绘算原理方法步骤,并对该方法的不同绘算态势下的使用结果与使用影响因素进行了分析。实际绘算使用结果表明,利用该方法绘目标运动参数时的速度与精度能够满足绝大部分态势下的目标运动参数绘算需要。     

Interchange fee rate,merchant discount rate,and retail price in a credit card network: A game‐theoretic analysis

We consider two game‐theoretic settings to determine the optimal values of an issuer's interchange fee rate, an acquirer's merchant discount rate, and a merchant's retail price in a credit card network. In the first setting, we investigate a two‐stage game problem in which the issuer and the acquirer first negotiate the interchange fee rate, and the acquirer and the retailer then determine their merchant discount rate and retail price, respectively. In the second setting, motivated by the recent US bill “H.R. 2695,” we develop a three‐player cooperative game in which the issuer, the acquirer, and the merchant form a grand coalition and bargain over the interchange fee rate and the merchant discount rate. Following the cooperative game, the retailer makes its retail pricing decision. We derive both the Shapley value‐ and the nucleolus‐characterized, and globally‐optimal unique rates for the grand coalition. Comparing the two game settings, we find that the participation of the merchant in the negotiation process can result in the reduction of both rates. Moreover, the stability of the grand coalition in the cooperative game setting may require that the merchant should delegate the credit card business only to the issuer and the acquirer with sufficiently low operation costs. We also show that the grand coalition is more likely to be stable and the U.S. bill “H.R. 2695” is thus more effective, if the degree of division of labor in the credit card network is higher as the merchant, acquirer, and issuer are more specialized in the retailing, acquiring, and issuing operations, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

退化速率跟踪粒子滤波在剩余使用寿命预测中的应用

毋庸置疑,剩余使用寿命预测对于设备的健康管理越来越重要。近年来粒子滤波方法被越来越多地应用到设备寿命预测技术当中,这是因为粒子滤波方法能更好地解决非线性非高斯系统滤波问题,而且能够获得不确定度信息。但该方法的预测性能却过度依赖于预测模型,并且对于模型参数的初始分布也比较敏感,这在一定程度上限制了粒子滤波预测方法的进一步发展。针对基本粒子滤波预测方法的不足,提出了一种基于退化速率跟踪粒子滤波的通用预测框架,以历史观测数据的退化速率统计规律作为指导来跟踪目标数据的退化速率,实现对粒子滤波预测方法的简化,并将该方法用于轴承和锂离子电池的剩余使用寿命预测,验证了方法的有效性。