圣哥达隧道火灾疏散案例剖析及启示

公路隧道作为公路的衍生物,是重要的交通设施,由于特殊的空间局限,随着交通事业的发展,交通密度的增长．行车速度的提高,各种栽有可燃物质的车辆通过隧道数量和频率的增长,使得隧道火灾发生的频率呈上升趋势,一旦发生火灾,扑救和疏散都十分困难。圣哥达隧道火灾将会给我们一些疏散及安全方面的启示。     

交通隧道抢险救援需要把握和解决的几个问题

基于多年工作经验,分析总结了我国交通隧道抢险救援的主要特点,明确了交通隧道抢险救援中需要把握和解决的主要问题,并提出了具体的战术战法,为我国交通隧道抢险救援工作提供参考。     

Φ200高超声速风洞调试和流场校测

介绍了新近建成的马赫数为2.5～7.0的Φ200mm 高超声速风洞(Φ200 Hypersonic Wind Tunnel,HWT-200)调试情况及空风洞流场校测结果.调试校测结果表明,风洞的总温、总压、运行时间等参数完全达到了设计要求,顺利实现了宽马赫数范围下的超声速/高超声速运行;本风洞有较大的实验段流场均匀区,各流场的马赫数均方根偏差全部达到GJB(1179-91)的合格指标,一部分达到了先进指标.风洞运行时间不少于20s,是一座参数范围较宽、运行成本较低、维护方便、可用于空气动力学教学试验和基础性科学研究的设备.     

土质隧洞围岩稳定性分析与设计计算方法探讨

论述了以洞周位移量与围岩塑性区大小作为围岩稳定性经验判据的不足,依靠模型试验与力学计算,分析了隧洞破坏机理与形式。由此提出将基于有限元强度折减法求出的围岩安全系数作为稳定分析判据,这种判据有严格的力学依据,有统一的标准,而且不受其他因素的影响。研究了隧洞围岩安全系数（剪切安全系数、拉裂安全系数）与衬砌安全系数的算法以及隧洞设计计算方法。最后以黄土洞室为例,给出了土体隧洞设计计算新方法,并对土体隧洞今后的研究方向提出了几点展望。     

乘波构型优化设计与实验

乘波构型是高超声速飞行器高升阻比气动布局设计的重要参考外形之一,设计中需要综合考虑升阻比、容积率和容积等要求.本文开展了锥导乘波构型的参数化建模设计,采用改进的多目标遗传优化算法,完成了以升阻比、容积率和容积为多目标的乘波构型优化设计;在KD-01高超声速炮风洞中完成了不同攻角缩比模型的气动力实验,并同CFD计算结果进行了比较分析.结果表明:优化设计外形具有良好的升阻比,且在一定攻角范围内升阻比较高,数值模拟和实验分析基本吻合.研究结果可为高超声速滑翔式飞行器的设计提供参考.     

Designing a screening experiment for highly reliable products

Within a reasonable life‐testing time, how to improve the reliability of highly reliable products is one of the great challenges to today's manufacturers. By using a resolution III experiment together with degradation test, Tseng, Hamada, and Chiao (1995) presented an interesting case study of improving the reliability of fluorescent lamps. However, in conducting such an experiment, they did not address the problem of how to choose the optimal settings of variables, such as sample size, inspection frequency, and termination time for each run, which are influential to the correct identification of significant factors and the experimental cost. Assuming that the product's degradation paths satisfy Wiener processes, this paper proposes a systematic approach to the aforementioned problem. First, an intuitively appealing identification rule is proposed. Next, under the constraints of a minimum probability of correct decision and a maximum probability of incorrect decision of the proposed identification rule, the optimum test plan (including the determinations of inspection frequency, sample size, and termination time for each run) can be obtained by minimizing the total experimental cost. An example is provided to illustrate the proposed method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 514–526, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/nav.10024     

上海外环线隧道消防安全事故处置对策研究

根据上海外环线公路隧道的自身状况,分析了可能发生的消防安全事故及其特点,从作战思想、战术发挥、装备应用三方面提出了处置事故的对策。     

高速公路隧道消防设计探讨

以目前国内建成的最长公路隧道———山西雁门关高速公路隧道为例论述公路隧道的消防设计 ,以引起有关专家和同行对隧道防火的关注     

Discriminating between the Weibull and log‐normal distributions

Log‐normal and Weibull distributions are the most popular distributions for modeling skewed data. In this paper, we consider the ratio of the maximized likelihood in choosing between the two distributions. The asymptotic distribution of the logarithm of the maximized likelihood ratio has been obtained. It is observed that the asymptotic distribution is independent of the unknown parameters. The asymptotic distribution has been used to determine the minimum sample size required to discriminate between two families of distributions for a user specified probability of correct selection. We perform some numerical experiments to observe how the asymptotic methods work for different sample sizes. It is observed that the asymptotic results work quite well even for small samples also. Two real data sets have been analyzed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

地下坑道油气泄漏数值模拟与实验研究

为了研究受限空间油气泄漏的运动规律,及时有效地查明事故隐患,预报和预防各类事故的发生,以挽救人民的生命财产,基于对油气泄漏的分析,建立了油气泄漏的仿真模型.采用压力和速度耦合场的SIMPLE算法,完成了地下坑道油气泄漏过程的数值模拟研究,数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好.研究发现,地下坑道的油气泄漏可分为4个阶段:孕育阶...