从美国无人机的发展来看无人机在未来战争中的应用前景

从军事需求和技术推动出发,全面论述了美国无人机的发展情况,并对实战使用情况、新的无人机系列以及无人机在战争中应用的广泛前景作了分析。     

Experimental research on the instability propagation characteristics of liquid kerosene rotating detonation wave

In order to study the instability propagation characteristics of the liquid kerosene rotating detonation wave (RDW), a series of experimental tests were carried out on the rotating detonation combustor (RDC) with air-heater. The fuel and oxidizer are room-temperature liquid kerosene and preheated oxygen-enriched air, respectively. The experimental tests keep the equivalence ratio of 0.81 and the oxygen mass fraction of 35% unchanged, and the total mass flow rate is maintained at about 1000 g/s, changing the total temperature of the oxygen-enriched air from 620 K to 860 K. Three different types of instability were observed in the experiments: temporal and spatial instability, mode transition and re-initiation. The interaction between RDW and supply plenum may be the main reason for the fluctuations of detonation wave velocity and pressure peaks with time. Moreover, the inconsistent mixing of fuel and oxidizer at different circumferential positions is related to RDW oscillate spatially. The phenomenon of single-double-single wave transition is analyzed. During the transition, the initial RDW weakens until disappears, and the compression wave strengthens until it becomes a new RDW and propagates steadily. The increased deflagration between the detonation products and the fresh gas layer caused by excessively high temperature is one of the reasons for the RDC quenching and re-initiation.     

运动流体介质和剪切层共同作用下平面近场声全息技术改进

传统的平面近场声全息将全息面置于射流内部。为了降低窗效应和卷绕误差对重建精度的不利影响,一般要求全息面尺寸为声源的2倍以上,而较大尺寸的传声器阵列放在射流内部会干扰射流的稳定。针对这一问题,提出将整个全息面置于射流外部的方法。根据经典的剪切层修正理论,首先分析声波由声源传播至全息面过程中路径和幅值的改变,继而推导出修正后的声场传播公式,最终建立起马赫数小于0.3的运动流体介质和剪切层共同作用下的平面近场声全息理论模型。数值仿真表明,改进后的平面近场声全息技术能够得到高分辨率的重建声场,对气动噪声源的定位精度较高,并且具备一定的抗干扰能力。     

A stochastic air combat logistics decision model for Blue versus Red opposition

Technologically advanced aircraft rely on robust and responsive logistics systems to ensure a high state of operational readiness. This paper fills a critical gap in the literature for combat models by closely relating effectiveness of the logistics system to determinants of success in combat. We present a stochastic diffusion model of an aerial battle between Blue and Red forces. The number of aircraft of Blue forces aloft and ready to be aloft on combat missions is limited by the maximum number of assigned aircraft, the reliability of aircraft subsystems, and the logistic system's ability to repair and replenish those subsystems. Our parsimonious model can illustrate important trade‐offs between logistics decision variables and operational success.     

地空导弹营战斗保障模糊评判模型

运用模糊数学的方法,结合地空导弹营的具体实际,给出了地空导弹营战斗保障能力的评价因素指标,建立了营战斗力的二级模型评判模型,并利用改进集值统计法确定了各因素的权重,给出了地空导弹营战斗保障能力的量化评判方法。     

对海目标识别中舰载预警直升机引导舰载无人机的方法及阵位配置

针对水面舰艇编队对海攻击时的目标识别需求，提出了舰载预警直升机引导舰载无人机实施对海目标识别的协同样式。从引导识别的基本过程入手，建立了舰载无人机占领预定识别阵位的运动要素计算模型；基于以最短时间到达预定识别阵位的要求，建立了舰载无人机目标识别时，相对舰载预警直升机阵位配置的拟合模型，并针对舰载无人机识别时的反应时间和识别距离，建立了舰载无人机阵位配置的修正模型，为水面舰艇编队对海攻击中的目标识别提供了新手段。     

Operating Costs of Aging Air Force Aircraft: Adjusting for Aggregate Budget Effects

The rate at which operating costs grow as aircraft age is important for setting operating budgets and for deciding when to replace aging systems. While studies using data from the 1990's typically found 1–3 percent real rates of growth in operating costs as aircraft age, studies using data from the 2000's found greater rates, for example in the 4–6 percent range. Growth in the total U.S. Air Force budget during the 2000s appears to explain much of the higher estimated annual growth rates in operating costs per flying hour beyond the growth rate intrinsic to the aging of the fleet.     

基于多模射击的火力控制理论研究

为提高高炮武器系统拦截空中高度机动目标的能力,提出了多模射击的思想.多模射击是指火控系统根据战场态势,实时可靠地估计出目标在射弹飞行时间内若干个可能的机动形式预测结果.并据此控制高炮群同时向若干个可能的目标未来点进行射击.建立了多模射击毁歼概率计算公式.通过与传统的单模射击体制进行效能对比分析验证了多模射击体制的有效性.最后对基于多模射击的火力控制若干关键技术作了简要分析.     

三架固定翼无人机协同编队飞行避障策略

针对无人机编队执行空战任务过程中存在无人机之间以及无人机与障碍物发生碰撞的问题，提出单向网络连接结构的多无人机避障算法和基于人工势场的控制方法，同时应用于无人机编队避障控制。以三架无人机构成的正三角形编队作为控制体，同时以长机的运动轨迹作为期望路径，长机提供僚机飞行信息，僚机接受信息保持编队飞行。多无人机编队发现障碍物到避障完成的过程包括编队集结、松散队形、最终恢复集结正三角形编队。仿真实验结果表明，所提避障控制策略能够确保编队收敛于期望的队形和稳定飞行状态。     

SFPB处理的38CrSi钢表面纳米化层微观结构特征

采用超音速轰击技术（Supersonic Fine Particles Bombarding，SFPB）对调质态合金钢38CrSi进行表面纳米化处理，在材料表面制备了纳米结构表层；利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜等分析技术研究了表面纳米层的微观结构特征。结果表明：经SFPB处理后，材料表层发生了严重的塑性变形，表面形成了晶粒尺寸约为15nm的纳米结构层，微观应变约为0．19％；表面纳米层的厚度约为20μm（晶粒尺寸〈100nm），纳米晶粒的尺寸随着距表面距离的增加而增大；在距表面40μm的范围内，高密度的位错墙和位错缠结将晶粒分为了尺寸为200～400nm的胞块结构，分析表明表面纳米化主要是位错运动的结果。