关于=2~(1/2)的一种推导

应用一级近似下的泰勒级数及统计平均的概念 ,简明地推出公式 u =2 v 。     

Appointment scheduling at a multidisciplinary outpatient clinic using stochastic programming

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the problem of constructing an appointment template for scheduling patients at a specific type of multidisciplinary outpatient clinic called an integrated practice unit (IPU). The focus is on developing and solving a stochastic optimization model for a back pain IPU in the face of random arrivals, an uncertain patient mix, and variable service times. The deterministic version of the problem is modeled as a mixed integer program with the objective of minimizing a weighted combination of clinic closing time (duration) and total patient waiting time (length of stay). A two‐stage stochastic program is then derived to account for the randomness and the sequential nature of the decisions. Although it was not possible to solve the two‐stage problem for even a limited number of scenarios, the wait‐and‐see (WS) problem was sufficiently tractable to provide a lower bound on the stochastic solution. The introduction of valid inequalities, limiting indices, and the use of special ordered sets helped to speed up the computations. A greedy heuristic was also developed to obtain solutions much more quickly. Out of practical considerations, it was necessary to develop appointment templates with time slots at fixed intervals, which are not available from the WS solution. The first to be derived was the expected value (EV) template that is used to find the expected value of the EV solution (EEV). This solution provides an upper bound on the objective function value of the two‐stage stochastic program. The average gap between the EEV and WS solutions was 18%. Results from extensive computational testing are presented for the EV template and for our adaptation of three other templates found in the literature. Depending on the relative importance of the two objective function metrics, the results demonstrate the trade‐off that exists between them. For the templates investigated, the “closing time” ranged from an average of 235 to 275 minutes for a 300‐minute session, while the corresponding “total patient time in clinic” ranged from 80 to 71 minutes.     

Theoretical design of new bridge-ring insensitive high energy compounds by selected normal Diels-Alder reactions between NH2-substituted oxazoles and NO2/NF2/NHNO2-substituted ethylenes/acetylenes

In this work, NH₂-substituted oxazoles and NO₂/NF₂/NHNO₂-substituted ethylenes/acetylenes were designed and used as dienes and dienophiles, respectively, in order to develop new bridge-ring insensitive high energy compounds through the Diels-Alder reaction between them. The reaction type, reaction feasibility and performance of reaction products were investigated in detail theoretically. The results showed that dienes most possibly react with dienophiles through the HOMO-diene controlled normal Diels-Alder reaction at relatively low energy barrier. Tetranitroethylene could react with the designed dienes much more easily than other dienophiles, and was employed to further design 29 new bridge-ring energetic compounds. Due to high heat of formation, density and oxygen balance, all designed bridge-ring energetic compounds have outstanding detonation performance, 16 of them have higher energy than HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) and 2 others even possess comparative energy with the representative of high energy compounds CL-20 (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane). The predicted average h₅₀ value of these bridge-ring energetic compounds is 83 cm, showing their low impact sensitivity. The NH₂ groups could obviously impel the proceeding of Diels-Alder reactions, but would slightly decrease the energy and sensitivity performance. In all, the new designed bridge-ring compounds have both high energy and low sensitivity, and may be produced through Diels-Alder reactions at relatively low energy barrier. This paper may be helpful for the theoretical design and experiment synthesis of new advanced insensitive high energy compounds.     

Damage to aircraft composite structures caused by directed energy system: A literature review

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research studies on direct energy system effect on aircraft composite structures to develop a good understanding of state-of-the-art research and devel-opment in this area. The review begins with the application of composite materials in the aircraft structures and highlights their particular areas of application and limitations. An overview of directed energy system is given. Some of the commonly used systems in this category are discussed and the working principles of laser energy systems are described. The experimental and numerical studies re-ported regarding the aircraft composite structures subject to the effect of directed energy systems, especially the laser systems are reviewed in detail. In particularly, the general effects of laser systems and the relevant damage mechanisms against the composite structures are reported. The review draws attention to the recent research and findings in this field and is expected to guide engineers/researchers in future theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies.     

涡轮泵故障检测的频段能量比SOM算法

为了解决缺少故障样本情况下的涡轮泵健康状态判别问题,分析了涡轮泵振动信号的频谱,提取了频段能量比作为其故障检测特征,并讨论了自组织映射的竞争学习原理及聚类结果的U-矩阵表示,提出了一种基于频段能量比的自组织映射故障检测算法,并实现了该算法最佳匹配神经元的选择和权重向量的自适应更新。通过某型液体火箭发动机历史试车数据的验证,结果表明,健康涡轮泵数据利用该算法聚类时仅存在一个类别,相邻神经元距离小于0.1;反之,故障涡轮泵数据利用该算法聚类时明显存在两个或多个类别,且相邻神经元的最大距离大于0.1。因此,基于频段能量比的SOM算法能有效地判别涡轮泵的健康状况。     

机械法超细粉碎技术

固体物料经超细粉碎,可以改善其物理化学性质,提高应用性能．机械法超细粉碎技术成熟,易实现工业化,而且生产能力大,成本低．介绍了机械法超细粉碎设备,重点介绍了气流粉碎机,包括工作原理、特点,机计、注意事项,在农药、食品工业的典型应用,并对其在国防工业的应用作了展望．     

水蒸发冷却空调在班用帐篷中的应用研究

通过介绍西北地区班用帐篷夏季降温用水蒸发冷却空调器的设计过程及基本原理,分析得出结论：水蒸发冷却空调在西北干旱地区班用帐篷中的应用潜力巨大。     

反导动能拦截武器的现状与发展研究

介绍了动能拦截弹在弹道导弹防御中的应用,分助推段拦截、中段拦截、末段拦截对美国发展的动能拦截武器进行了详细说明。介绍了动能拦截弹的组成,给出了动能拦截器的关键技术,对动能拦截器技术的发展进行了阐述。     

一种面向节点定位的移动信标动态路径规划方法

针对基于移动信标的传感器节点定位问题,提出一种基于在线决策的移动信标动态路径规划方法.针对以往算法大都只适用于节点均匀分布的局限,该方法用移动信标不断获取两跳范围内的未定位节点数目,并向最大覆盖未定位节点方向移动,不需要网络先验信息,即可实现路径的优化.仿真结果表明:与传统方法相比,该方法无需网络的先验信息,在移动路径长度上具有明显优越性,减少了信标的能量消耗,更适用于户外部署的大规模传感器网络.     

嵌入式坦克射击训练运动参数监测系统设计

针对坦克短停射击过程缺乏有效的运动参数监测手段,导致训练成绩评定随意性大、不科学,不能定量指导、评价训练等问题,设计了嵌入式坦克射击训练短停计时系统。该系统采用传感器及计算机技术,实时监测坦克运行状况,测量、记录坦克在短停射击过程中的运动参数,为科学、准确评价短停射击的成绩和按纲施训提供了手段和方法。