Optimal capacity in a coordinated supply chain

We consider a supply chain in which a retailer faces a stochastic demand, incurs backorder and inventory holding costs and uses a periodic review system to place orders from a manufacturer. The manufacturer must fill the entire order. The manufacturer incurs costs of overtime and undertime if the order deviates from the planned production capacity. We determine the optimal capacity for the manufacturer in case there is no coordination with the retailer as well as in case there is full coordination with the retailer. When there is no coordination the optimal capacity for the manufacturer is found by solving a newsvendor problem. When there is coordination, we present a dynamic programming formulation and establish that the optimal ordering policy for the retailer is characterized by two parameters. The optimal coordinated capacity for the manufacturer can then be obtained by solving a nonlinear programming problem. We present an efficient exact algorithm and a heuristic algorithm for computing the manufacturer's capacity. We discuss the impact of coordination on the supply chain cost as well as on the manufacturer's capacity. We also identify the situations in which coordination is most beneficial. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

ATM交换网络的连接技术

介绍了异步传输模式交换网络(ATM)的概念、组成及特点,并着重论述了ATM的连接技术,包括分层结构、连接过程和连接建立。其中提出了ATM层是其连接技术的核心,连接过程的实质是利用了虚连接的概念及连接建立的4个基本步骤。最后指出了ATM网络在未来通信中的应用及发展前景。     

饱和蒸气比热为负的讨论

本文由热力学理论定量指出,只要两相平衡的饱和蒸气比热为负,饱和蒸气经绝热膨胀后成过饱和蒸气,并讨论了饱和蒸气比热为负的条件。     

基于控制通道融合的瞄准线组合稳定技术

提出一种光电二级稳定粗、精控制通道融合新方案,并与现有粗、精控制通道相互独立二级稳定方案相比较。仿真结果表明,粗、精控制融合方案无论在成本、体积、性能和精度上,都优于现有二级稳定方案。新方案的可行性已通过原理样机得到验证。     

星地非理想通道下的导航信号测距偏差分析

针对广义信道下伪码测距偏差与各部分通道测距偏差叠加值的等效性问题,研究星地叠加通道和部分通道特性对伪码测距偏差的影响,并对实际通道中伪距"分层"现象的成因展开分析。通道非理想特性会对导航信号伪码跟踪性能产生影响,综合考虑星地两端通道的非理想特性,通过对导航信号伪码跟踪函数和不同类型通道建模,研究了星地叠加通道和部分通道特性对伪码测距偏差的影响。结合几类典型星地非理想通道,利用软件接收机展开仿真验证。通过分析几类典型通道对伪码测距偏差的影响,解释了零基线双差观测量中伪距"分层"现象的成因。文中模型与相关分析方法可用于解释相关信号质量问题,并指导接收机通道的最优化设计。     

Risk‐sensitive sizing of responsive facilities

We develop a risk‐sensitive strategic facility sizing model that makes use of readily obtainable data and addresses both capacity and responsiveness considerations. We focus on facilities whose original size cannot be adjusted over time and limits the total production equipment they can hold, which is added sequentially during a finite planning horizon. The model is parsimonious by design for compatibility with the nature of available data during early planning stages. We model demand via a univariate random variable with arbitrary forecast profiles for equipment expansion, and assume the supporting equipment additions are continuous and decided ex‐post. Under constant absolute risk aversion, operating profits are the closed‐form solution to a nontrivial linear program, thus characterizing the sizing decision via a single first‐order condition. This solution has several desired features, including the optimal facility size being eventually decreasing in forecast uncertainty and decreasing in risk aversion, as well as being generally robust to demand forecast uncertainty and cost errors. We provide structural results and show that ignoring risk considerations can lead to poor facility sizing decisions that deteriorate with increased forecast uncertainty. Existing models ignore risk considerations and assume the facility size can be adjusted over time, effectively shortening the planning horizon. Our main contribution is in addressing the problem that arises when that assumption is relaxed and, as a result, risk sensitivity and the challenges introduced by longer planning horizons and higher uncertainty must be considered. Finally, we derive accurate spreadsheet‐implementable approximations to the optimal solution, which make this model a practical capacity planning tool.© 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

The value of information sharing in a two‐stage supply chain with production capacity constraints

We consider a simple two‐stage supply chain with a single retailer facing i.i.d. demand and a single manufacturer with finite production capacity. We analyze the value of information sharing between the retailer and the manufacturer over a finite time horizon. In our model, the manufacturer receives demand information from the retailer even during time periods in which the retailer does not order. To analyze the impact of information sharing, we consider the following three strategies: (1) the retailer does not share demand information with the manufacturer; (2) the retailer does share demand information with the manufacturer and the manufacturer uses the optimal policy to schedule production; (3) the retailer shares demand information with the manufacturer and the manufacturer uses a greedy policy to schedule production. These strategies allow us to study the impact of information sharing on the manufacturer as a function of the production capacity, and the frequency and timing in which demand information is shared. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2003     

TDMA网络及通信信道模拟系统的设计与实现

由于无线信道不稳定,且网络拓扑难以控制,在基于TDMA网络的无线收发设备开发上层应用时,迫切需要一个简单易控、比较真实的开发调试平台。文中比较了国内外一些无线网络模拟器的优缺点,提出并设计实现了一种通过以太网模拟无线网络的模拟系统。该模拟系统具有扩展性好,真实可靠且操作简单等优点,对加快相关设备和应用系统的研发进程,节约开发成本具有重要的意义。     

战术数据链网络设计优化方法

网络设计优化问题直接关系到战术数据链系统效能的发挥。在分析数据链系统中不同消息类别有不同系统响应时间要求的基础上,提出了一种新的网络设计优化方法。通过建立模型讨论了单个数据链轮询网络的轮询周期、网络成员容量、每个轮询周期内各成员的点名次数等因素间的数学关系。并以Link-11为例进行分析计算。结果表明,该分析方法有效可行,为解决战术数据链网络设计及优化问题提供了一种思路。     

基于科学发展观视角下的会计教学改革

随着高等教育的大众化，社会对会计人才需求呈现出多层次的特点，现代会计教育已进入素质教育的新阶段。注重学生创造性思维的培养，注重学生能力与素质的提高应成为各高校今后会计教学改革的方向。本文从科学发展观的视角，在分析了会计本科教学现状的基础上，理性地提出了要实现会计教学培养目标，必须转变教育观念，适应科学发展观的要求，推动会计教学改革。