军事装备试验项目质量管理

研究分析装备试验质量管理的概念、特点等相关理论,提出了装备试验质量管理体系结构及职责,并根据军事装备试验的四个阶段,研究提出试验全过程质量控制的基本方法。     

Optimal control of noncollaborative servers in two‐stage tandem queueing systems

We consider two‐stage tandem queueing systems with dedicated servers in each station and a flexible server that is trained to serve both stations. We assume no arrivals, exponential service times, and linear holding costs for jobs present in the system. We study the optimal dynamic assignment of servers to jobs assuming a noncollaborative work discipline with idling and preemptions allowed. For larger holding costs in the first station, we show that (i) nonidling policies are optimal and (ii) if the flexible server is not faster than the dedicated servers, the optimal server allocation strategy has a threshold‐type structure. For all other cases, we provide numerical results that support the optimality of threshold‐type policies. Our numerical experiments also indicate that when the flexible server is faster than the dedicated server of the second station, the optimal policy may have counterintuitive properties, which is not the case when a collaborative service discipline is assumed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 435–446, 2014     

Optimal patrol to uncover threats in time when detection is imperfect

Consider a patrol problem, where a patroller traverses a graph through edges to detect potential attacks at nodes. An attack takes a random amount of time to complete. The patroller takes one time unit to move to and inspect an adjacent node, and will detect an ongoing attack with some probability. If an attack completes before it is detected, a cost is incurred. The attack time distribution, the cost due to a successful attack, and the detection probability all depend on the attack node. The patroller seeks a patrol policy that minimizes the expected cost incurred when, and if, an attack eventually happens. We consider two cases. A random attacker chooses where to attack according to predetermined probabilities, while a strategic attacker chooses where to attack to incur the maximal expected cost. In each case, computing the optimal solution, although possible, quickly becomes intractable for problems of practical sizes. Our main contribution is to develop efficient index policies—based on Lagrangian relaxation methodology, and also on approximate dynamic programming—which typically achieve within 1% of optimality with computation time orders of magnitude less than what is required to compute the optimal policy for problems of practical sizes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 61: 557–576, 2014     

基于循环追踪算法的编队航天器交会控制

采用循环追踪算法解决编队航天器交会控制问题。建立并推导了线性循环追踪算法和非线性循环追踪算法数学模型,提出了绕飞平面采用循环追踪控制,绕飞平面法向采用比例微分进行振动抑制的编队交会控制律。基于脉冲推力方式,对绕飞平面分别采用线性和非线性循环追踪的三航天器编队交会控制问题进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,提出的基于循环追踪的控制方式可满足编队航天器交会控制要求,航天器按顺时针运行轨迹交会于初始位置决定的参考中心,三航天器间相对距离、相对运动速度变化趋势基本一致,速度增量消耗较小,为航天器编队构形控制研究提供有益参考。     

The Nepalese Army: From counterinsurgency to peacekeeping?

Can peacekeeping participation help reform military institutions in democratizing states? Drawing on evidence from Nepal – one of the world's largest troop contributors to UN peacekeeping operations – this essay illustrates that participation in peace missions can sometimes undermine security sector reform and deteriorate civil–military relations. Furthermore, this analysis shows that peacekeeping participation will not necessarily reorient troops away from their conventional internal roles (such as counterinsurgency) or improve civilian control over the armed forces. Hence, civilians can lose control over soldiers just as frequently when they are deployed overseas as when they are at home.     

基于虚拟模型控制的四足机器人对角小跑动态控制*

基于虚拟模型控制方法,根据四足机器人单腿雅克比矩阵得到支撑相与摆动相的控制法则。为实现机器人躯体的完全控制,提出了一种控制目标分解的方法,将四足机器人躯体的控制目标分解到每条支撑腿的控制上。通过构建每条支撑腿的虚拟构件,并将虚拟构件产生的虚拟力转换为期望关节力矩,从而实现支撑腿的虚拟模型控制;实时规划摆动足的运动轨迹,利用虚拟构件连接摆动腿的足端与期望的摆动轨迹,实现摆动腿的虚拟模型控制。在设定四条腿的相位轮换规律的基础上,对一个四足机器人二维平面模型进行对角小跑步态下的速度控制及抗干扰仿真试验。仿真结果证明该控制方法能够有效控制机器人躯体的高度、速度及倾角,实现四足机器人对角小跑运动的动态控制并具有一定的抗冲击干扰能力。     

战斗机末端机动的非线性模型预测控制规避策略

利用非线性模型预测控制的思想建立了战斗机末端规避导弹的机动策略求解方法。根据导弹与战机的空战态势,建立了导弹与战机的相对运动微分方程;将导弹的导引律引入到导弹运动模型中,与飞机模型一起构建了系统预测模型,并对飞机和导弹的运动约束进行了分析。通过对导弹结构限制和战术特性的分析,给出了飞机机动规避导弹的性能指标,进而建立了机动规避导弹的最优控制模型。利用高斯伪谱法对模型进行求解,采用滚动优化策略实现了对机动规避策略的闭环求解。针对导弹气动参数和导航比未知以及相对测量量具有噪声的问题,利用极大似然法对导弹的气动参数和导航比进行估计,实现了对系统预测模型的反馈校正。仿真结果表明,此方法能够实现对导弹的机动规避。     

变外形航弹离散滑模倾斜转弯自动驾驶仪设计

为提高变外形航弹倾斜转弯控制系统对弹翼作动影响的鲁棒性能,提出了一种基于离散滑模控制原理的倾斜转弯自动驾驶仪设计方法。建立了航弹倾斜转弯控制仿射模型,针对该模型中存在的时变特性与耦合问题,通过反馈线性化方法对原系统进行解耦并离散化处理,将由后掠角采样值误差引起的各动力学系数偏差项作为模型不确定扰动,设计了变外形航弹的离散滑模倾斜转弯自动驾驶仪。仿真结果表明,所设计的离散倾斜转弯控制系统实现了各通道的解耦控制,对时变参数摄动具有良好的鲁棒性能,验证了对指令跟踪的动态延迟和误差与采样周期有关,实际选取时需综合考虑实际硬件性能与期望的指令跟踪精度要求。     

基于价值的指挥主体作战指挥行为评估

作战指挥行为是作战指挥理论的一个重要方面。在明确了其概念后,将价值这一概念引入作战指挥行为评估,认为价值的创造主体是作战指挥行为,并以此作为评估的基础。最后,利用数据挖掘中的关联规则实现评估的量化,并结合案例说明该方法的有效性。     

一体化联合作战精确控制问题

文中主要对一体化联合作战中的精确控制内涵进行了阐述,然后分别从重要性和实现途径两个方面对作战时序的精确控制、作战空间的精确控制、作战目标的精确控制和作战信息环境的精确控制进行探讨。