The stability of the nuclear nonproliferation norm: a critique of norm-contestation theory

This article argues that the nuclear nonproliferation norm (NNPN) is a social fact with a relatively independent life of its own and that it has a powerful impact on the behavior of both nuclear-weapon states (NWS) and non-nuclear-weapon states (NNWS). It challenges the application of critical constructivist research on norms to the NNPN and the idea that its legitimacy and structural power depend on contestation “all the way down.” State and non-state actors play an important role in explaining the dynamics of the NNPN, but agential constructivism runs the danger of “throwing the baby out with the bath water,” neglecting the structural impact of the NNPN on state behavior. The article examines the limitations of norm-contestation theory, arguing that some norms are more resistant to contestation than others. The NNPN is more difficult to contest than new norms (such as the Responsibility to Protect) because it is rooted in fifty years of nonproliferation nuclear diplomacy. The US-India nuclear deal is not a case of “norm change” but a violation of the NNPN. The “core” of the NNPN has not changed since the US-India nuclear deal. The conflict confronting NWS and NNWS is about the implementation of “type 2” norms (organizing principles) and “type 3” norms (standardized procedures), and not about the “hard core” of the NNPN.     

Mirror,mirror on the wall,who is the most offensive of them all? – Explaining the offensive bias in military tactical thinking

This article explores why the offensive predominates military tactical thinking. With survey results showing an offensive bias among 60 per cent of senior Swedish officers and as many as 80 per cent in the case of the army, it is clear that this is not just a problem of the past but is equally relevant today. The article asks why there is a tendency to perceive and understand offensive tactics as the preferred choice and the way to conduct battle that should be encouraged and preferred. Drawing on existing research and the findings of a pilot study, ten propositions for why the offensive bias exists are tested using a mixed-method approach. Based on the findings, the article develops a model to understand why the offensive dominates military tactical thinking. It is found that the two key constitutive factors behind the offensive bias are military culture and education. These factors most directly and profoundly influence an officer’s identity, perceptions, and thinking. Military culture and education, in turn, work as a prism for four other factors: military history, the theory and principles of war, doctrine and TTPs, and psychological factors.     

电磁发射弹丸飞行弹道仿真

针对电磁发射弹丸飞行弹道进行仿真研究,在建立刚体六自由度飞行弹道模型的基础上,采用时频分析和涡流分析方法,建立电磁-动力学耦合模型分析弹丸出膛时由于膛内振动带来的炮口扰动,采用动网格技术建立电磁-气动耦合模型分析弹托分离产生的气动扰动,从而得到了电磁发射弹丸的飞行弹道模型。以得克萨斯大学先进技术研究所设计的IAT-HVP为例,仿真分析了弹丸以1117 m/s初速、0°射角出膛时弹丸出口扰动对弹体速度和气动特性的影响,并得到其飞行200 m的弹道曲线。仿真结果表明,受电磁发射一体化弹丸出口扰动的影响,弹体落点相比理想弹道产生了24%的偏差,其中炮口扰动引起的偏差最大,其次是弹托分离。     

超声速气流中液体横向射流一次破碎过程

发展显微成像方法获得空间分辨率为1.57 μm/pixel的近场射流瞬态图像,分析超声速气流中液体横向射流表面波演化规律。采用流体体积法获得射流的三维形态及近场流场特征,研究近场流场结构及气液作用。射流的一次破碎过程主要有表面破碎和液柱破碎。其中表面破碎由气液剪切引起的K-H不稳定主导,液柱破碎由气液加速引起的R-T不稳定主导;射流柱表面局部压力的脉动是诱导产生射流迎风面表面波并促使其沿射流方向发展的主要原因;射流柱与超声速气流作用形成背风面回流,近壁面液雾主要由表面破碎及背风面回流输运的液滴组成。     

反电动势对无扰载荷航天器精确定向的影响

无扰载荷航天器中非接触式作动器反电动势会引起有效载荷模块与支持模块之间的耦合,影响有效载荷模块的精确定向性能。通过建立无扰载荷航天器的耦合动力学模型,分析非接触式作动器反电动势对有效载荷模块精确定向性能的影响。考虑六支杆立方构型无扰载荷接口,结合拉格朗日方程和牛顿欧拉方法建立有效载荷模块平台动力学模型。推导非接触式作动器的输出力模型,并引入有效载荷模块平台动力学模型,给出考虑非接触式作动器反电动势的耦合动力学模型。将支持模块上飞轮动静不平衡引起的谐振作为干扰力矩,建立了无扰载荷航天器在轨定向状态的Simulink仿真模型。仿真结果表明,反电动势系数越大,干扰力矩对有效载荷模块的影响越大,有效载荷模块精确定向精度越低。     

外场维护指挥控制系统可靠度模型

分析了影响外场指挥控制系统可靠性的主要因素,以指挥人员为主体,根据战时的实际,对指挥关系进行了重构,将串联指挥关系变为并联关系,通过利用马尔可夫链给出了指挥控制系统状态转移图,建立了计算外场指挥系统可靠性的数学模型。并且进一步给出了计算指挥控制系统的可靠性的方法。     

基于联合对角化的远场相干信号波达方向估计

提出一种基于联合对角化的远场相干信号波达方向估计算法.利用阵元接收数据构造高阶累积量矩阵,通过矩阵联合对角化得到阵列广义流形矩阵的估计.利用阵列流形矩阵的矩阵特性及最小多项式的性质,消除联合对角化带来的顺序不确定性,得到波达方向的估计.该方法无需进行角度搜索,且能处理不同相干群内部分波达方向相同的情形.计算机仿真实验验...     

海上编队通信网络系统效能分析

现代高技术海上局部战争的电磁环境极其恶劣 ,海上编队通信网络系统受到空前威胁。在给出了军事通信网络系统效能评估的数学模型之后 ,对海上编队通信网络系统的效能进行了评估和分析 ,探讨了提高海上编队通信网络系统效能的具体措施。     

对现有跑道失效率模拟模型的改进

通过常规导弹打击跑道毁伤效应分析,重点考虑子弹毁伤半径对跑道能造成毁伤的子弹个数,升降窗口移动时左右边界位置和判断升降窗口区域是否失效的影响,并结合现有跑道失效率模拟模型,提出现有跑道失效率模型存在的缺陷和相应的改进方法,最后通过实例分析模型改进后的合理性和科学性。     

改进党的作风是实践“三个代表”的必然要求

党的作风问题 ,也是党的形象问题 ,作风不正 ,形象好不了 ,必然脱离群众 ,脱离实际 ,就会严重影响人心向背 ,影响群众的信任 ,影响党的工作和事业 ,这是十分危险的。综观国际国内形势 ,进入新世纪 ,我们党面临的形势、任务、环境正发生深刻而复杂的变化 ,机遇与挑战同在 ,希望与困难并存 ,需要我们党站在时代的高度统揽全局 ,与时俱进 ,按照“三个代表”的要求 ,全面加强党的建设。而改进党的作风 ,既是新时期党的建设的根本 ,也是实践“三个代表”的必然要求