A pixel-level local contrast measure for infrared small target detection

Infrared (IR) small target detection is one of the key technologies of infrared search and track (IRST) systems. Existing methods have some limitations in detection performance, especially when the target size is irregular or the background is complex. In this paper, we propose a pixel-level local contrast measure (PLLCM), which can subdivide small targets and backgrounds at pixel level simultaneously. With pixel-level segmentation, the difference between the target and the background becomes more obvious, which helps to improve the detection performance. First, we design a multiscale sliding window to quickly extract candidate target pixels. Then, a local window based on random walker (RW) is designed for pixel-level target segmentation. After that, PLLCM incorporating probability weights and scale constraints is proposed to accurately measure local contrast and suppress various types of background interference. Finally, an adaptive threshold operation is applied to separate the target from the PLLCM enhanced map. Experimental results show that the proposed method has a higher detection rate and a lower false alarm rate than the baseline algorithms, while achieving a high speed.     

压力喷嘴常温下雾化特性实验研究

为了满足工程中对喷嘴雾化特性测量的高精度、低成本要求,建立了喷嘴雾化特性实验系统,以自来水为雾化工质,对蒸发冷却压力喷嘴在常温、常压下的雾化特性进行了实验研究。用容积法测量了喷嘴的流量,用最小二乘法对测量数据进行回归分析,得到了喷嘴流量、雾化压力和喷孔直径之间的关联式与流量系数;用机器视觉方法测量了喷嘴的雾化锥角与雾滴尺寸,得到了雾化锥角与雾滴尺寸随雾化压力变化的规律。结果表明:随着雾化压力的增大,喷嘴雾化锥角不断增加,雾滴尺寸不断减小;随轴向距离的增大,D0.632、D0.5、D32有不同幅度的增大,而D0.9则基本不变。     

Warehouse sizing to minimize inventory and storage costs

This paper considers a warehouse sizing problem whose objective is to minimize the total cost of ordering, holding, and warehousing of inventory. Unlike typical economic lot sizing models, the warehousing cost structure examined here is not the simple unit rate type, but rather a more realistic step function of the warehouse space to be acquired. In the cases when only one type of stock‐keeping unit (SKU) is warehoused, or when multiple SKUs are warehoused, but, with separable inventory costs, closed form solutions are obtained for the optimal warehouse size. For the case of multi‐SKUs with joint inventory replenishment cost, a heuristic with a provable performance bound of 94% is provided. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 299–312, 2001     

War Size Distribution: Empirical Regularities Behind Conflicts

This paper analyses the statistical distribution of war sizes. Using a new methodology we find moderate support for a Pareto-type distribution (power law), considering data from different sources (COW and UCDP) and periods. A power law is a plausible model for the size distribution of a pool of all wars and a sample of wars in many years, although the log-normal distribution is a plausible alternative model that we cannot reject. The random growth of conflicts could generate both types of distribution. We study the growth rates of battle deaths and random growth cannot be rejected for most of the distribution, although the results also reveal a clear decreasing pattern; the growth of deaths declines faster if the number of initial deaths is greater.     

石墨烯微片尺寸对石墨烯纸热导率的影响

石墨烯热导率远高于传统金属薄膜等导热材料,可用作热扩散材料。石墨烯纸由石墨烯微片组装而成,石墨烯微片尺寸大小对其组装方式微观结构以及宏观导热性能等具有重要影响。采用溶液过滤自组装方法制备了分散均匀的氧化石墨烯纸,然后在Ar/H2气氛下对氧化石墨烯纸进行热还原处理,得到了石墨烯纸。结果表明,大尺寸石墨烯微片组成的石墨烯纸结构更加致密、结晶度更高;0.5μm~3μm和50μm~100μm的氧化石墨烯所制备的石墨烯纸的热导率分别为632.8 W/m K和683.7 W/m K,大尺寸石墨烯微片组成的石墨烯纸热导率提高了8%。     

显示界面复杂目标辨认研究

为了使作战人员更快速地辨认武器系统显示界面目标,研究人对不同复杂程度及大小的目标符号辨认情况,为武器系统显示界面的目标编码设计提供依据。提出目标符号复杂度的定义,建立复杂度计算公式,对符号的复杂程度进行量化。通过测定被试完成搜寻特定目标的时间,建立反应时间和符号复杂度与大小、高复杂度目标数量与大小的线性回归模型。提取被试辨认不同复杂度目标的脑电信号,分析脑负荷。结果表明符号复杂度越低或尺寸越大,目标越容易辨认;当大小一定时,人对复杂度3以下的目标辨认情况较好,对复杂度3以上的目标辨认绩效明显下降;脑负荷随着目标复杂度的增大而增大。结论为武器系统显示界面的符号复杂度应设计在3以下,高复杂度目标符号使用时应合理调整其大小。     

烟雾干扰光学制导武器中Mie散射系数快速算法

烟雾干扰光学制导武器中烟雾中的颗粒物的浓度、平均粒径的精确测量是评价武器隐蔽效果的关键指标。Mie散射中的消光系数计算是烟雾中颗粒物的平均粒径和浓度测量中的关键步骤。在传统Mie散射计算的基础上提出一种适用不同颗粒大小和复折射率的Mie散射系数算法。推导了散射系数计算公式,分析了不同折射率和粒径的递推公式。计算表明,该方法的计算精度高、范围广、时间短,适用于干扰烟雾中生成颗粒物的平均粒径和浓度在线测量。     

简单离心喷油器的试验研究(Ⅰ)——理论公式的误差分析

本文以试验台冷态试验为基础,以实际喷油器为对象,通过大量试验资料对阿勃拉莫维奇理论公式的误差分布与误差原因进行了分析。从大量试验资料中归纳出一个决定流量系数比值μ/μ_A变化规律的组合几何尺寸Z_w,而判别式R_z/R_(Qd)(?)d_p更进一步揭示了它与μ_z/μ_A1.0之间的内在联系。文章还详细分析了雾化片中的流动阻力及其决定因素,最后以充分的数据找到并论证了理论公式产生误差的真正原因在于雾化片本身的几何特性数A,由此提出了减小设计误差的方法——雾化片几何尺寸的最佳流动组合。     

室温下单电子晶体管3种临界尺寸的确定

为使单电子晶体管达到实际应用的地步,开展室温条件下相关研究成为必然。从正统理论出发,推导、计算出室温条件下单电子晶体管能否正常工作的库仑岛临界尺寸:存储器件为6.5nm,逻辑器件为1.5nm;本文还推导和计算出单电子晶体管室温下发生能量量子化效应的临界尺寸:4.7nm,并对这3种临界尺寸进行了验证和分析。另外,通过比较分析本文还得出了室温条件下,所有逻辑器件均必须考虑能量量子化效应,所有存储器件应尽量考虑能量量子化效应的结论。分析结果表明,库仑岛临界尺寸的确定对单电子晶体管的实际应用具有重要意义。     

基于AP-DE算法动态迭代步长的研究

为了促进自适应滤波器的滤波性能,建立了一种变步长的基于直接迭代误差AP-DE算法。通过使得权值均方误差下降速度最大,获得了AP-DE算法的优化迭代步长,并分析了所建立算法权值均方误差的统计特性。