Selling to strategic and loss‐averse consumers: Stocking,procurement, and product design policies

Motivated by the presence of loss‐averse decision making behavior in practice, this article considers a supply chain consisting of a firm and strategic consumers who possess an S‐shaped loss‐averse utility function. In the model, consumers decide the purchase timing and the firm chooses the inventory level. We find that the loss‐averse consumers' strategic purchasing behavior is determined by their perceived gain and loss from strategic purchase delay, and the given rationing risk. Thus, the firm that is cognizant of this property tailors its inventory stocking policy based on the consumers' loss‐averse behavior such as their perceived values of gain and loss, and their sensitivity to them. We also demonstrate that the firm's equilibrium inventory stocking policy reflects both the economic logic of the traditional newsvendor inventory model, and the loss‐averse behavior of consumers. The equilibrium order quantity is significantly different from those derived from models that assume that the consumers are risk neutral and homogeneous in their valuations. We show that the firm that ignores strategic consumer's loss‐aversion behavior tends to keep an unnecessarily high inventory level that leads to excessive leftovers. Our numerical experiments further reveal that in some extreme cases the firm that ignores strategic consumer's loss‐aversion behavior generates almost 92% more leftovers than the firm that possesses consumers’ loss‐aversion information and takes it into account when making managerial decisions. To mitigate the consumer's forward‐looking behavior, we propose the adoption of the practice of agile supply chain management, which possesses the following attributes: (i) procuring inventory after observing real‐time demand information, (ii) enhanced design (which maintains the current production mix but improves the product performance to a higher level), and (iii) customized design (which maintains the current performance level but increases the variety of the current production line to meet consumers’ specific demands). We show that such a practice can induce the consumer to make early purchases by increasing their rationing risk, increasing the product value, or diversifying the product line. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 435–453, 2015     

全CFRP筋混凝土柱低周反复荷载试验研究

考虑轴压比、剪跨比和配箍形式的影响,对6根全CFRP筋混凝土柱进行低周反复荷载试验,通过分析滞回曲线、骨架曲线、位移延性系数和耗能能力等特征,研究CFRP筋混凝土柱的抗震性能。试验结果表明:CFRP筋混凝土柱具有较强承载能力和变形能力;轴压比和剪跨比是影响试件抗震性能的主要因素,轴压比越小,试件的变形和耗能能力越强,刚度退化越平缓,剪跨比越大,试件的变形能力越强;通用屈服弯矩法计算得到的延性系数能够较好反映CFRP筋混凝土柱的延性,轴压比越小、剪跨比越大,试件的延性越好;新型螺旋式矩形箍筋在试件延性及耗能方面表现良好,可以应用于工程实际。     

框支短肢剪力墙转换结构不同墙肢布置方式抗震试验研究

框支短肢剪力墙转换结构在实际工程中已得到广泛应用,但其理论研究尚需完善.在试验和分析的基础上,通过对不同墙肢布置方式的两榀斜柱式转换结构试件在竖向和水平荷载共同作用下受力机理、承载能力、破坏形态、滞回特性、变形能力、延性系数、抗震耗能以及破坏机制等抗震性能参数的分析和对比,揭示了墙肢布置方式变化对整个转换结构受力性能及...     

BFRP连续螺旋箍筋混凝土梁抗剪性能试验研究

为研究BFRP连续螺旋箍筋的抗剪性能,设计制作了6根配置BFRP连续螺旋箍筋的混凝土梁和2根配置矩形连续螺旋钢箍的对比混凝土梁.通过试验,得出了BFRP连续螺旋箍筋混凝土梁的抗剪性能,分析了配箍率、剪跨比和纵筋率等因素对构件抗剪性能的影响:构件的受剪破坏模式分为斜拉破坏和斜压破坏两种类型;在不同的受剪破坏模式下,斜裂缝...     

海战仿真中反潜直升机CGF的行为建模方法

CGF的行为建模是构建CGF系统的核心和难点,近来CXBR在CGF的行为建模中得到广泛应用。然而,基于CXBR的行为建模缺乏情感推理,因此在传统CXBR框架中增加个性和情绪两个抽象类,提出了基于改进CXBR的行为建模方法,使得CGF能够表现情感。从反潜直升机作战实际出发,在CXBR转换逻辑中引入产生式表示法和层次分析法,实现了基于改进CXBR的反潜直升机CGF系统构建,对该方法的可行性进行了初步探索。     

大学生问题行为及对策浅析

本文从心理学的角度分析了大学生常见的问题行为,对问题行为的性质、外部表现、心理特征及应对措施作了详尽分析,集中讨论了人格不适、失恋、考试焦虑及人格障碍等方面的问题,以期有助于大学生问题行为的处理。     

Shock-induced reaction behaviors of functionally graded reactive material

In this paper, the ballistic impact experiments, including impact test chamber and impact double-spaced plates, were conducted to study the reaction behaviors of a novel functionally graded reactive material (FGRM), which was composed of polytetrafluoroethylene/aluminum (PTFE/Al) and PTFE/Al/bismuth trioxide (Bi₂O₃). The experiments showed that the impact direction of the FGRM had a significant effect on the reaction. With the same impact velocity, when the first impact material was PTFE/Al/Bi₂O₃, compared with first impact material PTFE/Al, the FGRM induced higher overpressure in the test chamber and larger damaged area of double-spaced plates. The theoretical model, which considered the shock wave generation and propagation, the effect of the shock wave on reaction efficiency, and penetration behaviors, was developed to analyze the reaction behaviors of the FGRM. The model predicted first impact material of the FGRM with a higher shock impedance was conducive to the reaction of reactive materials. The conclusion of this study provides significant information about the design and application of reactive materials.     

不同游戏方式下的暴力网络游戏对大学生攻击性的影响

目的:探讨不同游戏方式下的暴力网络游戏对不同攻击性特质大学生攻击性的影响。方法:采用攻击性特质问卷、词汇决策任务和竞争反应时任务对60名大学生进行问卷和实验研究。结果:在不同游戏方式下,被试表现出的攻击性认知和行为存在显著差异(F(2,52)=4.41,P<0.05;F(1,52)=50.06,P<0.001)。高、低攻击性特质者在游戏后的攻击性认知和行为上存在显著差异(F(1,52)=15.25,P<0.001;F(1,52)=82.35,P<0.001)。结论:不同游戏方式下的暴力网络游戏对大学生的攻击性存在不同的影响,相比竞争游戏和单人游戏,合作游戏是一种较好的游戏方式,可以在一定程度减少大学生,特别是高攻击性特质大学生的攻击性认知和行为。此外,暴力网络游戏对大学生攻击性认知和攻击性行为的影响存在一致性。     

防空监视网络传感器的协作管理

针对防空监视网络的传感器管理问题,讨论了基于多Agent技术的协作管理策略。通过对防空监视网络传感器协作行为的分析,建立了传感器的协作行为模型。结合防空监视传感器的功能,设计了传感器Agent的结构模型。依据防空监视网络传感器的使命要求和完成任务能力,提出了防空监视网络传感器Agent的协商处理策略。     

虚拟实体对象的行为建模方法研究

虚拟实体对象的行为建模方法已成为虚拟现实技术的研究热点之一。本文总结了前人在行为建模方面的成就，分析了其中存在的问题，并在此基础上提出了一种新的适于虚拟现实开发平台的虚拟实体对象行为模型SCP模型，并对这种行为模型的基本理论和应用界面进行了详细阐述。SCP模型以控制论为基础，适用领域广，表达能力强，适合并发实现，且易于重用已有的行为建模成果。