气相色谱法测定发射药中双安定剂成分的含量

采用丙酮石油醚混合溶剂对单樟-11A-8/1发射药中的两种安定剂(二苯胺和二号中定剂)进行提取,并使用SP2100气相色谱仪的FID检测器和TCD检测器对提取液中两种安定剂的浓度进行了测定,进而得到了两种安定剂在单樟-11A-8/1发射药中的百分含量。实验结果表明,FID检测器比TCD检测器检测精度高。采用FID检测器时,实验结果重复性很高,能够满足对单樟-11A-8/1发射药进行质量监控的需要。     

毛细管末端凝胶推进剂液滴形成过程数值研究

要开展凝胶推进剂液滴燃烧特性的实验研究,必须首先形成凝胶推进剂液滴,在毛细管末端形成液滴是常用的液滴生成方法之一。为了揭示毛细管末端凝胶推进剂液滴的形成过程,求解了轴对称坐标系下的N-S方程,采用VOF(volume of fluid)方法捕捉液滴形成过程中气液交界面的演化规律,研究了无量纲液滴颈部直径DN/D0和无量纲液滴高度L/D0随时间的变化规律,并且与实验结果进行比较,验证了数值模型的可靠性。计算结果表明:在液滴形成过程中,液滴不是一直处于稳态;液滴颈部存在较大的剪切率,导致粘度下降,进而加快了颈部的断裂和自由液滴的形成;颈部断裂后,与液滴相连的部分迅速与液滴融合,出现很大的正向速度,而与毛细管末端相连的部分迅速收回,出现很大的负向速度。     

高能硝胺推进剂的压强指数分析

从高能硝胺推进剂配方组成入手 ,深入研究了各组分参数的变化对该推进剂燃烧性能的影响 ,认为 :高硝胺 ( HMX或 RDX)含量和高硝酸酯增塑剂含量是高能硝胺推进剂 ( NEPE)高压强指数的根本原因。同时指出该类推进剂的燃烧性能的调节将不再仅仅局限于硝胺的催化 ,而应针对硝胺和硝酸酯及 AP的特殊作用进行综合调节     

多点喷射空气酒精燃气发生器试验验证

为有效解决现有燃气引射气源存在的诸多缺点,适应一种引射系统大流量、小型化的需要,在综合分析各燃气引射气源方案的基础上,研制了一种以空气、酒精作为推进剂的多点喷射结构的燃气发生器,并开展了多种工况下的试验研究。结果表明:采用的多点喷射方案大大提高了空间利用率,有效满足了引射系统小型化的要求;喷雾性能好,喷雾锥角及粒径优于设计指标要求;点火可靠性高,解决了领域内现有燃气发生器点火可靠性低的缺点;点火迅速,燃烧平稳,可实现较为均匀的出口温度场;燃气发生器工作范围较宽,能在余气系数2.52～4.34范围内稳定燃烧;高效的火焰筒内壁空气冷却方式有效保证了燃气发生器长时间工作运行。     

The properties of Sn–Zn–Al–La fusible alloy for mitigation devices of solid propellant rocket motors

The Al and La elements are added to the Sn9Zn alloy to obtain the fusible alloy for the mitigation devices of solid propellant rocket motors. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), metallographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), tensile testing and fracture analysis were used to study the effect of Al and La elements on the microstructure, melting characteristics, and mechanical properties of the Sn9Zn alloy. Whether the fusible diaphragm can effectively relieve pressure was investigated by the hydrostatic pressure at high-temperature test. Experimental results show that the melting point of the Sn9Zn-0.8Al0·2La and Sn9Zn–3Al0·2La fusible alloys can meet the predetermined working temperature of ventilation. The mechanical properties of those are more than 35% higher than that of the Sn9Zn alloy at −50 °C–70 °C, and the mechanical strength is reduced by 80% at 175 °C. It is proven by the hydrostatic pressure at high-temperature test that the fusible diaphragm can relieve pressure effectively and can be used for the design of the mitigation devices of solid propellant rocket motors.     

丁羟（HTPB）推进剂老化研究（IV）——过氯酸铵（AP）粒度对老化性能的影响

本文研究了HTPB/AP推进剂中AP粒度对推进剂老化性能的影响。实验是在90℃的空气中进行的。老化性能以推进剂的拉伸性能、邵氏硬度,失重%和燃烧速度等参数为判据,并以DSC图谱作参考。实验结果表明:HTPB/AP推进剂中AP粒度的减小,有助于推进剂贮存老化性能的提高。各种粒度AP的DSC图谱,也进一步证实了这一结论。     

发射装药非稳态温度场仿真

弹药在长期贮存过程中,极易受环境温度和湿度的作用,使发射装药出现热分解、裂解、结霜等,严重影响弹药装药的贮存可靠性;在射击试验中,发射药温度也会对弹道性能产生极大的影响。由于不允许对弹药进行破坏性开孔,因此借助Ansys的热分析模块,对发射装药非稳态温度场进行仿真研究,获取发射装药在不同环境条件下的温度场及不同节点的温度变化规律,为弹药的贮存、试验提供一定的参考价值。     

Investigation on the foaming behaviors of NC-based gun propellants

To prepare the porous NC-based (nitrocellulose-based) gun propellants, the batch foaming process of using supercritical CO₂ as the physical blowing agent is used. The solubilities of CO₂ in the single-base propellants and TEGDN (trimethyleneglycol dinitrate) propellants are measured by the gravimetric method, and SEM (scanning electron microscope) is used to observe the morphology of foamed propellants. The result shows that a large amount of CO₂ could be dissolved in NC-based propellants. The experimental results also reveal that the energetic plasticizer TEGDN exerts an important influence on the pore structure. The triaxial tensile failure mechanism for solid-state nucleation is used to explain the nucleation of NC-based propellants in the solid state. Since some specific foaming behaviors of NC-based propellants can not be explained by the failure mechanism, a solid-state nucleation mechanism which revises the triaxial tensile failure mechanism is proposed and discussed.     

超临界二氧化碳流体中L-丙交酯开环聚合物的合成及表征

在超临界二氧化碳流体中用辛酸亚锡作催化剂,用左旋丙交酯开环聚合成功地合成了相对分子质量大于80 000,分散指数为2.5的聚左旋乳酸.深入研究了聚合温度、时间、压力、单体浓度、催化剂用量及超临界二氧化碳纯度等各种因素对聚左旋乳酸相对分子质量及其分布的影响,对聚合物的相对分子质量和分布采用凝胶渗析色谱、1HNMR谱、13...