消防部队承担地震紧急救援任务的思考

近年来,国家地震局依托消防部队在23个省市消防特勤部队成立了省级地震灾害紧急救援队。公安消防部队参加地震紧急救援工作具备一定优势,但也还存在不少困难。分析了消防部队承担地震灾害紧急救援任务的优势及存在的问题,并从体制、训练机制、器材装备建设、救援机制等方面提出了解决问题的对策。     

三轴磁强计晃动对测量结果的影响分析及校正

三轴磁强计的主要误差有零偏误差、灵敏度误差以及三轴非正交误差。通过在三轴正交坐标体系下对传感器的三轴非正交误差进行分析,建立了传感器误差模型,分析了误差对传感器晃动所产生的影响。晃动1°产生的误差最大可达109.5 nT,晃动误差随着晃动角度的增加而增加。为控制晃动误差,通过对误差模型分析建立误差校正模型,并通过非线性曲线拟合对校正模型参数准确估计,将估计参数代入校正模型,可以实现对传感器输出校正,使其输出误差大大减小,晃动1°产生的误差范围可控制在0.03 nT以内。这表明该校正方法有效地降低了晃动对传感器输出产生的影响。     

钢结构防火材料应用问题及对策探讨

介绍了钢结构防火涂料的分类及特性，分析了钢结构建筑在火灾中的特点，探讨了钢结构防火涂料在技术和应用方面存在的问题，提出了钢结构建筑防火涂料施工时应注意的事项等对策。     

官兵家属涉法问题及对策

部队官兵及其家属在人身权益、劳动权益、恋爱婚姻、优抚待遇、经济合同、房地产和邻里纠纷等方面遇到的涉法问题逐年增多，分析部队官兵及家属涉法问题的现状及原因，积极引导官兵正确运用法律手段处理涉法问题，对保护军人合法权益、促进部队安全稳定和社会和谐具有重要意义。     

Two‐stage component test plans for testing the reliability of a series system

A system reliability is often evaluated by individual tests of components that constitute the system. These component test plans have advantages over complete system based tests in terms of time and cost. In this paper, we consider the series system with n components, where the lifetime of the i‐th component follows exponential distribution with parameter λ_i. Assuming test costs for the components are different, we develop an efficient algorithm to design a two‐stage component test plan that satisfies the usual probability requirements on the system reliability and in addition minimizes the maximum expected cost. For the case of prior information in the form of upper bounds on λ_i's, we use the genetic algorithm to solve the associated optimization problems which are otherwise difficult to solve using mathematical programming techniques. The two‐stage component test plans are cost effective compared to single‐stage plans developed by Rajgopal and Mazumdar. We demonstrate through several numerical examples that our approach has the potential to reduce the overall testing costs significantly. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 49: 95–116, 2002; DOI 10.1002/nav.1051     

A bidirectional heuristic for maximizing the net present value of large‐scale projects subject to limited resources

We consider the scheduling of large‐scale projects to maximize the project net present value given temporal and resource constraints. The net present value objective emphasizes the financial aspects of project management. Temporal constraints between the start times of activities make it possible to handle practical problem assumptions. Scarce resources are an expression of rising cost. Since optimization techniques are not expedient to solve such problems and most heuristic methods known from literature cannot deal with general temporal constraints, we propose a new bidirectional priority‐rule based method. Scheduling activities with positive cash flows as early and activities with negative cash flows as late as possible results in a method which is completed by unscheduling techniques to cope with scarce resources. In a computational experiment, we compare the well‐known serial generation scheme where all activities are scheduled as early as possible with the proposed bidirectional approach. On the basis of a comprehensive data set known from literature containing instances with up to 1002 activities, the efficiency of the new approach is demonstrated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2003     

合同制消防员管理中存在的问题及对策

合同制消防员的征召,有效解决了现役消防警力不足的问题;但是,他们的融入给部队基层管理带来了新的问题,增加了管理难度。如何管理好合同制消防员,调动其工作的积极性,提高消防部队整体的战斗力和凝聚力,值得我们每个消防工作者去思考。     

扁平大空间建筑烟气填充规律研究

采用理论计算和计算机模拟相结合的方法,研究了使用两种不同方式计算得到的扁平大空间建筑火灾烟气温度分布的特征和规律,并采用了将扁平大尺度空间划分为多个不同形式子单元的形式,对不同空间划分情形下火灾烟气温度和烟气层厚度的变化规律进行了研究,从而得出了扁平大空间建筑火灾烟气温度和厚度分布的规律,为研究此类建筑的烟气填充规律提供了一定的方法和思路。     

What you should know about location modeling

Facility location models have been applied to problems in the public and private sectors for years. In this article, the author first presents a taxonomy of location problems based on the underlying space in which the problem is embedded. The article illustrates problems from each part of the taxonomy with an emphasis on discrete location problems. Selected recent research in the area is also discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

浅谈培养解题能力

从深刻理解数学概念内涵、熟悉数学公式及变式和注重解题过程分析三个方面谈如何有效培养学生的解题能力 ,进而促进学生数学能力的发展