大口径机枪弹性枪架稳定性分析的冲量法

大口径机枪在弹性枪架上射击稳定性的问题,是影响连发射击精度的一个重要问题,按传统方法以最大后座力或自动机后座到位的瞬间作用校核稳定性,其结果与实际射击现象不符。本文在分析大量实验现象后,提出稳定性分析计算中的冲量法,并以12.7mm 大口径机枪为例进行检验,结果与实验现象相符.     

二次流对超声速环型空气引射器真空度的影响

采用计算流体力学时间相关法求解二维轴对称Navier Stokes方程,数值模拟求解了二维轴对称超声速环型空气引射器流场。在前期工作基础上,探讨了零二次流时盲腔压强平衡的机理和二次流对引射器真空度的影响。计算表明,二次流对引射器的流场结构影响显著,与零二次流相比,少量的二次流将使引射器真空度大大下降。     

Effect of energy content of the nitraminic plastic bonded explosives on their performance and sensitivity characteristics

Information about the forty nine nitraminic plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) and different nitramines were collected. Fillers of these PBXs are nitramines 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) and β-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5-tetrazocane (β-HMX), cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitro-octahydroimidazo-[4,5-d]imidazole (bicyclo-HMX, BCHMX) and ε-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (ε-HNIW, CL-20) which are bonded by polyfluoro-elastomers, polydimethyl-siloxane, poly-glycidyl azide, polyisobutylene, polystyrene-butadiene, poly-acrylonitrile-butadiene and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene in addition to a melt cast compositions based on 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. For thirty two of these PBXs the relationships are specified and analyzed between heats of their combustion and relative explosive strengths; by means of these relationships it might be possible to estimate, which groupings in the macromolecule of binder could be liable to their primary fission in the PBXs initiation. Similarly, for forty two of these explosives, the relationships are described and analyzed between their enthalpies of formation and impact sensitivities; here is especially attention paid to PBXs filled by BCHMX. Specific rate constants from Vacuum Stability Test (VST) of four nitramines and twenty PBXs are introduced into relationships with their enthalpies of formation. Regarding to all the mentioned cases, increasing of energy content of the studied explosives leads to increase of the relative explosive strength or initiation reactivity, respectively. Exception with the opposite trend, the outputs of VST are for BCHMX, where in PBXs are matrices with the esteric plasticizers or the energetic poly-glycidyl azide. Admixture of RDX or HMX, respectively, into the BCHX PBXs gives ternary PBXs whose thermal stability, in the sense of applied VST, is higher comparing to the original binary explosives.     

分段计算方法在模拟爆炸应力波传播中的运用

针对爆炸加载下岩石响应的不同特点以及动力有限元和传统地震波模拟方法的局限性,提出了一种分段计算的数值模拟方法.该方法在空间上将所模拟的区域划分为非弹性段和弹性段,非弹性段内采用动力有限元计算方法,弹性段内采用传统的地震波方法,不同段之间以节点位移为边界条件.不同算法的数值模拟结果验证了分段计算方法用于模拟爆炸荷载产生地震波的有效性和正确性.     

Conflict dynamics and costs in the Greek Civil War 1946–1949

Using a new set of data from Greek Army sources, US military archives, and Communist Party documents, the paper provides a quantitative analysis of the armed confrontation that took place in Greece during 1946–1949. A dynamic Lotka–Volterra model is estimated, pointing to the existence of a conflict trap that explains the prolongation of the civil war and its dire consequences for the country. A regional analysis finds that the mobilization of guerrilla forces was crucially affected by morphology and the local persecutions of political rivals. Using neoclassical growth-accounting, the economic cost of the conflict is estimated to surpass an annual GDP, in line with similar findings in contemporary civil wars. The same framework is employed to assess the outcome in counterfactual situations discussed in this paper.     

高精度差分格式WNND的构造及数值实验

基于二阶NND格式,通过引入Jiang和Shu的加权思想以及具有TVD性质的三阶Runge Kutta方法,构造了一种时间、空间均达到三阶精度的WNND格式。分别以波动方程、一维Euler方程和三维全Navier Stokes方程为例,通过对WNND格式的数值结果分析表明,WNND格式引起的耗散和波动较小,并且能够高精度地分辨场间断。     

谈短跑放松能力的作用与训练

要高度激烈竞赛中,提高机体高速奔跑中的放松能力是短跑获取胜利的关键,放松能力的培养可从短跑专项技术的高度自动化和稳定性、肌肉力量的均衡发展、神经系统的灵活性、肌体的柔韧性及心理素质等方面共同协调形成。     

双重改性空心微珠的制备及表征

首先采用液相沉积碳化法对空心微珠表面进行无机改性,制备出表面无机改性空心微珠;再对无机改性空心微珠进行有机改性,制备出了双重改性空心微珠。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱、热失重以及分光光度计法对双重改性空心微珠的制备进行了表征。结果表明：采用双重改性方法制备的表面改性空心微珠微观形貌仍为球状,微珠由灰黑色变为淡黄色;微珠表面的CaCO3属方解石相六方晶系;双重改性空心微珠中CaCO3质量分数约为7%,有机改性剂质量分数约为17%。双重改性空心微珠较之单纯有机改性空心微珠在500SN基础油中的分散稳定性能明显提高。     

土质隧洞围岩稳定性分析与设计计算方法探讨

论述了以洞周位移量与围岩塑性区大小作为围岩稳定性经验判据的不足，依靠模型试验与力学计算，分析了隧洞破坏机理与形式。由此提出将基于有限元强度折减法求出的围岩安全系数作为稳定分析判据，这种判据有严格的力学依据，有统一的标准，而且不受其他因素的影响。研究了隧洞围岩安全系数（剪切安全系数、拉裂安全系数）与衬砌安全系数的算法以及隧洞设计计算方法。最后以黄土洞室为例，给出了土体隧洞设计计算新方法，并对土体隧洞今后的研究方向提出了几点展望。     

Ka波段过模慢波结构色散曲线的数值求解

运用场匹配法,结合Ka波段过模慢波结构的实际情况,进行轴对称周期慢波结构色散关系的理论推导,得到了一种快速、准确计算适应Ka波段过模慢波结构的色散特性计算方法。根据推导结果,采用MATLAB程序编程计算了Ka波段过模盘荷波导的色散曲线。将计算得到的色散曲线与成熟的商业软件计算得到的结果进行了对比,两者误差在2%以内,验证了数值算法的可靠性。计算得到的色散曲线可以辅助选取Ka波段微波源的结构参数,对器件设计有一定参考价值。