联合国维和行动的发展及其面临的主要挑战

第二代维和行动维和行动数量剧增,规模变大;维和行动战略从“维持”和平向“建设”和平发展;维和行动由主要处理国与国之间的冲突转为主要处理国内各派别的冲突;维和行动职能由单一转向多元;维和行动部署方式由过去的“线性”变为“非线性”;维和行动的主体增加,维和行动组成日趋混杂。联合国维和行动面临着“强力”维和挑战传统原则;维和行动资源严重短缺;维和人员所承担的安全风险越来越大;维和行动的有效性难有质的提高;单边主义妨碍联合国发挥作用。     

Cu粉粒径及含量对Ni/MH电池负极放电性能的影响

为了提高Ni/MH电池中储氢电极的放电性能,以电解Cu粉为充填材料与活性物质混合制备电极,研究Cu粉粒径及含量对电极性能的影响。研究发现,Cu粉粒径越小,含量越高,电极的放电容量、高倍率放电性能、及在低温和高温下的放电能力均提高,且Cu充填电极的性能优于Ni充填电极。Cu充填电极中析氢反应的交换电流密度较大,过电势较小,说明其电催化活性好,电极反应阻力小。SEM分析发现,充放电循环后的Cu充填电极,其储氢合金颗粒表面覆盖着一层细小Cu颗粒和丝状物,这是电极性能提高的主要原因。     

多机空战目标威胁评估算法

首先介绍了几种现有的多机空战目标威胁评估方法 ,并对它们的应用进行了分析 ;在此基础上 ,提出了一种综合目标空战能力和空战态势的威胁评估算法 :威胁指数法 ;最后给出了具体算例 ,计算结果表明 ,威胁指数法可以全面、有效地完成多机空战中威胁评估和威胁排序的计算。     

The Russian hybrid warfare strategy – neither Russian nor strategy

Following Russia’s annexation of Crimea and its initial actions in eastern Ukraine in 2014, the term hybrid warfare has received much public attention. Many have argued that the Russian actions we saw in Ukraine were part of a completely new strategy while others have suggested that there was nothing new in Russia’s actions. This article takes a critical look at these claims. Through the assessment of the history of the term hybrid warfare and a rigorous analysis of the so-called Gerasimov doctrine, this study finds that the Russian hybrid warfare strategy is rather a western myth than a formal comprehensive Russian strategic concept. Additionally, through the assessment of the Russian use of information operations and the way she has utilised the cyberspace in several recent conflicts, the study finds that against all claims Russia did not make these areas its main battlefield, but rather has been using them in support of its traditional concepts.     

武器装备体系能力空间描述研究

武器装备体系能力是武器装备体系研究的重要组成部分.从形式上对武器装备体系能力进行了描述,给出了其相关性质.从不同角度分析和定义了武器装备体系能力间的关系,给出了武器装备体系能力空间的结构特点,构建了武器装备体系能力子系统.从能力的个体、能力的关系、能力的系统三个层面对武器装备体系能力空间进行了描述,为武器装备体系及其能力的研究奠定了一定的基础.     

美军核心维修能力研究

核心维修能力,是解决军队建制维修力量与地方维修力量如何结合、如何结合合理、如何结合才能取得最佳效果,成功推行军民一体化装备维修保障的瓶颈问题。从美军核心维修能力的研究背景着手,分析了核心维修能力研究的必然性和重要性,全面阐述了美军核心维修能力的内涵和现行判定方法,客观分析了美军核心维修能力研究中存在的一些不足,得出开展我军核心维修能力研究的重要启示。     

Vicarious warfare: The counterproductive consequences of modern American military practice

This article examines contemporary modes of American warfare. It posits the concept of “vicarious warfare” as a means of capturing prominent patterns in warfighting approaches. Although rooted in long-standing traditions of military practice, vicarious warfare is sufficiently novel as to be identifiable as a distinct phenomenon. The precise manifestation or combination of vicarious methods vary according to the specific circumstances and political contexts prevailing in different theaters. However, America’s general preference is to fight its wars by delegating tasks to proxies and limiting exposure of its own military to danger. Where U.S. forces are employed directly, this takes place largely in the shadows. Such approaches have clear attractions, offer undoubted tactical advantages, and permit successive administrations to maintain a persistent tempo of operations that evades rigorous democratic scrutiny. Yet, prominent cases and numerous studies suggest that vicarious warfare has a high potential to generate counterproductive effects and significant strategic harm.     

The Damoclean sword of offensive cyber: Policy uncertainty and collective insecurity

Cyberspace is a new domain of operation, with its own characteristics. Cyber weapons differ qualitatively from kinetic ones: They generate effects by non-kinetic means through information, technology, and networks. Their properties, opportunities, and constraints are comparable to the qualitative difference between conventional and nuclear weapons. New weapons and their target sets in a new domain raise a series of unresolved policy challenges at the domestic, bilateral, and international levels about deterrence, attribution, and response. They also introduce new risks: uncertainty about unintended consequences, expectations of efficacy, and uncertainty about both the target’s and the international community’s response. Cyber operations offer considerable benefits for states to achieve strategic objectives both covertly and overtly. However, without a strategic framework to contain and possibly deter their use, make state and non-state behavior more predictable in the absence of reciprocal norms, and limit their impact, an environment where states face persistent attacks that nonetheless fall below the threshold of armed conflict presents a policy dilemma that reinforces collective insecurity.     

雷达组网系统抗干扰能力动态仿真评估研究

雷达组网抗干扰能力评估是组网系统作战效能评估的一个重要方面，运用仿真模拟法和最优指标法，对组网系统抗干扰能力进行了动态评估研究。基于研究现状的分析，提出了组网系统抗干扰能力的一种评估框架结构；构建了组网系统抗压制性干扰能力的动态评估指标体系，采用最优指标法对4种组网方案在复合压制干扰模式下的抗干扰能力进行了动态仿真分析和方案的优劣评价。评估结果与实际抗干扰试验的结论相符，验证了评估指标体系的有效性和合理性，所得结论对复杂电子战环境下雷达组网系统作战效能研究具有指导意义。     

航母综合作战区警戒兵力对潜警戒能力及配置

在定量分析综合作战区航母受敌潜艇威胁、警戒兵力对潜警戒能力的基础上，依据航母综合作战区警戒兵力配置的基本原则，提出了航母综合作战区对潜警戒兵力配置的方法，可为反潜作战指挥员优化航母综合作战区对潜警戒兵力的配置提供决策支持与参考。