两相黄铜HPb59-1锻件的腐蚀缺陷分析

某军品的黄铜锻件在生产过程中产生了一种凹坑腐蚀缺陷。用金相方法对其显微组织进行研究,确定该组织缺陷由外氧化皮、内氧化区和脱锌带三部分组成,得出产生该缺陷的根本原因在于锻件酸洗时造成了缝隙腐蚀。     

Bayesian inference based on partial monitoring of components with applications to preventive system maintenance

Consider a binary, monotone system of n components. The assessment of the parameter vector, θ, of the joint distribution of the lifetimes of the components and hence of the reliability of the system is often difficult due to scarcity of data. It is therefore important to make use of all information in an efficient way. For instance, prior knowledge is often of importance and can indeed conveniently be incorporated by the Bayesian approach. It may also be important to continuously extract information from a system currently in operation. This may be useful both for decisions concerning the system in operation as well as for decisions improving the components or changing the design of similar new systems. As in Meilijson [12], life‐monitoring of some components and conditional life‐monitoring of some others is considered. In addition to data arising from this monitoring scheme, so‐called autopsy data are observed, if not censored. The probabilistic structure underlying this kind of data is described, and basic likelihood formulae are arrived at. A thorough discussion of an important aspect of this probabilistic structure, the inspection strategy, is given. Based on a version of this strategy a procedure for preventive system maintenance is developed and a detailed application to a network system presented. All the way a Bayesian approach to estimation of θ is applied. For the special case where components are conditionally independent given θ with exponentially distributed lifetimes it is shown that the weighted sum of products of generalized gamma distributions, as introduced in Gåsemyr and Natvig [7], is the conjugate prior for θ. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 551–577, 2001.     

装甲车辆使用与保障费用的指数回归模型

运用逐步回归和主成分分析的方法,选取了装甲车辆诸多战技性能指标集合中的自变量子集,建立了该子集与使用与保障费用之间指数回归方程组.该模型也可推广应用于装甲车辆综合性能的评估.     

基于MIDI音乐的数字音频半脆弱性水印算法的研究

提出了一种基于MIDI音乐的音频半脆弱性水印算法，将待嵌入水印转化为MIDI音乐，并对水印进行了主成份分析，可在具有较小冗余的载体中进行嵌入；尔后，用混沌加密及重复编码，来提高水印的鲁棒性；同时采用三种检测方法，提高对水印提取的判断正确率。实验结果表明，算法对于一般性的攻击（剪切、回声等）具有较好的鲁棒性，可实现较好的认证功能。     

Estimating component characteristics from system failure‐time data

Suppose that failure times are available from a random sample of N systems of a given, fixed design with components which have i.i.d. lifetimes distributed according to a common distribution F. The inverse problem of estimating F from data on observed system lifetimes is considered. Using the known relationship between the system and component lifetime distributions via signature and domination theory, the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator _N(t) of the component survival function (t) is identified and shown to be accessible numerically in any application of interest. The asymptotic distribution of _N(t) is also identified, facilitating the construction of approximate confidence intervals for (t) for N sufficiently large. Simulation results for samples of size N = 50 and N = 100 for a collection of five parametric lifetime models demonstrate the utility of the recommended estimator. Possible extensions beyond the i.i.d. framework are discussed in the concluding section. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

面向21世纪的《宪法学》课程教学改革浅议

传统的《宪法学》课程教学已落后于 2 1世纪人才发展的要求。转变教育观念 ,在明确教学培养目标的基础上 ,对《宪法学》的教学内容、教学手段和教学方法进行了改革 ,强化理论知识 ,用多种方式培养学生分析、解决实际问题的能力和法理精神 ,以适应人才教育、素质教育的要求势在必行     

基于主成分分析的战场目标选择模型

针对战场目标数量众多、信息复杂的特点,运用主成分分析理论探讨了战场目标选择问题.分析了战场目标的组成.确立了目标重要性评价指标体系,建立了战场目标重要性评估模型.对某作战想定t时刻战场目标的重要性进行了综合评估,得到了战场目标排列顺序.该模型克服了指标权重选择上主观因素的影响,便于计算机编程迅速实现,较好地满足了指挥员快速准确把握打击重心,确立打击次序的需求.     

基于主成分分析法的目标威胁评估

为提高防空作战指挥员对空中来袭目标实施火力分配的量化决策水平,本文提出了基于主成分分析法的目标威胁评估模型及方法。主成分分析法在将原始变量转变为主成分过程中,同时形成了反映主成分的权数以计算综合评价值,这样在指标权重选择上克服了主观因素的影响,客观反映了各指标因素间的现实关系。通过引入实例,对来袭空中目标进行多指标综合评价,根据综合评估值对各批目标威胁进行排序,所得结果合理且符合客观实际,切实为防空作战指挥员科学合理地实施火力分配提供了数据支持和科学依据。     

小波变换在电力系统谐波检测中的应用

将小波变换方法应用于电力系统谐波检测中,用仿真算例说明该方法具有一定的有效性和可行性;用不同的小波函数进行了基频分量提取,给出了误差比较结果,初步分析了小波变换用于谐波检测时产生误差的主要原因.     

Coping with shortages caused by disruptive events in automobile supply chains

Unpredictable disruptive events significantly increase the difficulty of the management of automobile supply chains. In this paper, we propose an automobile production planning problem with component chips substitution in a finite planning horizon. The shortage of one chip can be compensated by another chip of the same type with a higher-end feature at an additional cost. Therefore, the automobile manufacturer can divert the on-hand inventory of chips to product lines that are more profitable in the event of shortages caused by supply chain disruptions. To cope with this, we propose a max-min robust optimization model that captures the uncertain supplies of chips. We show that the robust model has a mixed-integer programming equivalence that can be solved by a commercial IP solver directly. We compare the max-min robust model with the corresponding deterministic and two-stage stochastic models for the same problem through extensive numerical experiments. The computational results show that the max-min robust model outperforms the other two models in terms of the average and worst-case profits.