脉冲修正弹控制参数粒子群优化算法

针对脉冲修正弹自身控制离散不连续特征,开展脉冲修正弹脉冲控制参数优化设计方法研究。考虑到脉冲成本和精度的双重要求,选择以脉冲发动机工作次数和脱靶量最少为双目标的函数。在风干扰条件下,提出以脉冲控制时间间隔为离散脉冲控制参数设计变量建立优化模型,以此发展一种改进型递减惯性权重粒子群优化脉冲控制参数的方法,提高修正参数优化收敛速度。仿真结果表明:该算法能快速有效地获得最优解,为在干扰条件下寻找最优的脉冲修正参数和脉冲工作方式提供一种优化设计思路。     

一种防空指令修正弹控制模式研究

针对防空指令修正弹的方案设计问题,探讨了一种通过选择弹丸在有控段某点停止控制而恰能完成修正指标的外弹道控制模式,推导了有控弹丸平均侧向速度和剩余飞行时间的估算公式,给出了最佳停控点的确定判据.对上述控制模式进行了仿真计算,得到不同修正条件下的侧偏修正量及攻角曲线.仿真结果表明,该控制模式具有较高的控制精度,侧偏修正最大误差不超过±2.5%,且在该模式下弹丸也可保持飞行稳定.该研究结果可用于指导防空指令修正弹的方案设计.     

滑翔增程炮弹弹道仿真与优化设计

根据滑翔增程炮弹的空气动力特性和飞行弹道特性,通过对滑翔弹道的理论分析,采用控制鸭舵技术,实现炮弹的增程。经过仿真优化可以得到最佳初始射角、助推发动机的最佳点火时间及作用时间、鸭舵的最佳展开时间以及控制系统进行飞行姿态控制所需的最佳摆动角曲线,理想情况下最优滑翔控制模型可使射程达到不进行滑翔控制时射程的1.5-2倍,所得结果对滑翔弹丸的气动力设计及控制系统设计具有一定的参考价值。     

控制速度方向的弹道修正导引方法

由于制导炮弹由身管武器发射,其飞行控制能力和导引信息量有限,故基于预测落点位置偏差量来修正速度方向并在控制时间内连续分配导引指令的思想提出一种新的三维末制导方法。根据非线性弹道方程组的级数解预测弹丸落点位置,得到落点与目标的偏差,并提出两种通过此偏差解算当前速度方向修正量的方法。取剩余飞行时间为修正时间,通过将速度方向修正量分配到整个剩余导引段建立加速度修正公式,从而减小导引指令饱和的可能性。通过连续地预测落点和分配加速度指令来实时地导引飞行。仿真结果表明:该导引方法简单可行,精度高,对控制能力要求较低,且具备较好的制导效果和毁伤效果,可为该体制制导炮弹的应用提供参考依据。     

破甲弹侵彻装甲板的数值仿真

装甲装备受到弹丸攻击后,要判断内部部件的毁伤情况,采用实弹试验的方法费用高,周期长,安全性差;而采用建模仿真的方法费用低,效率高,安全性好,并且可以为预测装备内部的毁伤部件奠定基础。采用有限元法对破甲弹侵彻均质装甲板进行了数值仿真,对侵彻过程的3个阶段进行了分析,得出了破甲弹射流的动能、平均速度和冲量随时间变化的规律,为侵彻后装甲板内部部件毁伤情况的判断提供了基础数据。     

横向运动板对长杆弹变形及运动影响的数值研究

利用Ls—DYNA软件对钨合金长杆弹垂直侵彻单层和双层横向运动钢板进行了数值计算。通过分析长杆弹的塑性变形、速度降、动能降和横向速度，得到了单层和双层板横向运动速度与影响长杆弹侵彻能力因素的关系。仿真结果表明：随着运动板速度的增加，运动板对长杆弹的侵蚀加剧，长杆弹的速度降、动能降增大；运动板相同速度下，虽然单层板的冲击能使长杆弹获得较大横向速度，但双层板比单层板对长杆弹的干扰效果更明显。     

Aerodynamics analysis of a hypersonic electromagnetic gun launched projectile

A hypersonic aerodynamics analysis of an electromagnetic gun (EM gun) launched projectile configuration is undertaken in order to ameliorate the basic aerodynamic characteristics in comparison with the regular projectile layout. Static margin and pendulum motion analysis models have been applied to evaluate the flight stability of a new airframe configuration. With a steady state computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, the basic density, pressure and velocity contours of the EM gun projectile flow field at Mach number 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0 (angle of attack = 0°) have been analyzed. Furthermore, the static margin values are enhanced dramatically for the EM gun projectile with configuration optimization. Drag, lift and pitch property variations are all illustrated with the changes of Mach number and angle of attack. A particle ballistic calculation was completed for the pendulum analysis. The results show that the configuration optimized projectile, launched from the EM gun at Mach number 5.0 to 7.0, acts in a much more stable way than the projectiles with regular aerodynamic layout.     

Flow computations past a triangular boattailed projectile

This paper presents a computational study of the air flow past a triangular boattailed projectile. The study shows that there is a single normal shock wave impinges the projectile at transonic speeds. At supersonic speeds, the formed shock waves are smeared compared to a conical boattailed projectile. Also, there is a reduction of the wake region behind the triangular base and the rear stagnation point is nearer to the projectile base resulting in base drag reduction. Moreover, there is an improvement of the stability of the triangular boattailed projectile since a lower overturning moment is incurred.     

Attitude deflection of oblique perforation of concrete targets by a rigid projectile

A perforation model is developed to predict the attitude deflection in the oblique perforation of concrete targets by a rigid projectile, in which the inertial moment of the projectile is introduced, together with taking the attitude deflection during the shear plugging sub-stage into account, and the shape of the plug formed on the rear surface of target is also re-investigated. Moreover, a new classification of concrete targets is proposed based on the target thickness, with which the attitude deflections in different kinds of concrete targets are analyzed. It is found that the numerical results by using the new perforation model are in good agreement with the previous experimental data and simulated results. Furthermore, the variations of the attitude deflection with the initial conditions (the initial attitude angle and the initial impact velocity) are investigated.     

一种变质心高速旋转炮弹鲁棒姿态控制律

针对采用变质心技术的高速旋转炮弹的姿态控制问题,提出一种基于扩张状态观测器的动态面控制方法。根据由弹体和单滑块组成的多体系统的特点,建立了系统的姿态动力学模型,并对其进行了合理的简化。将系统的滚转通道引起的强耦合、建模误差及外部扰动等视为未知不确定干扰,并且考虑由于炮弹尺寸限制而引起的多体系统控制输入(滑块位移)的有限性,设计了扩张状态观测器和辅助系统,分别对系统的干扰进行观测以及处理控制输入的有限性,综合动态面控制技术设计了姿态控制律,最后基于李雅普诺夫稳定性原理证明了控制器的稳定性。仿真结果表明,该控制器能够在克服干扰的前提下快速稳定地跟踪指令信号,具有良好的控制精度和鲁棒性。