球头弹低速斜侵彻下靶板穿甲破坏机理

为探讨球头弹低速斜侵彻下靶板的破坏机理,通过系列弹道试验,对比分析不同初始速度下弹体的变形、靶板的破坏模式以及靶板的破口大小和形状;同时采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA对弹靶作用过程进行数值模拟。结果表明:低速斜侵彻下靶板响应非完全对称,根据受力特征可将靶板划分为四个不同区域,即接触区、弯曲区、拉伸区、对称区;薄板的穿甲破坏可分为四个不同的阶段,即隆起变形、碟形变形、弯曲变形、弹体贯穿阶段;不同初始速度下靶板出现四种典型的穿甲破坏模式,随着初始速度的增加依次为隆起—碟形变形、隆起—碟形变形—拉弯撕裂破坏、隆起—碟形变形—拉弯剪切破坏、隆起—拉弯剪切破坏。斜侵彻下靶板破口形状为椭圆形,随着初始速度的增加,破口长径不断减小,形状由椭圆形向卵形过渡。     

引信传爆管破片参数研究

理论分析传爆管破片的数质量分布和最大质量的计算模型，采用水箱法进行了部分引信传爆管破碎性试验。试验数据及理论分析结果表明：计算榴弹破片数质量分布的Mott公式并不适用于传爆管类非榴弹破片的计算，因此利用试验所得数据对西德最大破片质量公式进行了修正。修正后的公式对丙型引信传爆管破片最大质量的计算结果与试验数据较为吻合。     

When are observed failures more informative than observed survivals?

A framework involving independent competing risks permits observing failures due to a specific cause and failures due to a competing cause, which constitute survival times from the cause of primary interest. Is observing more failures more informative than observing survivals? Intuitively, due to the definitiveness of failures, the answer seems to be the former. However, it has been shown before that this intuition holds when estimating the mean but not the failure rate of the exponential model with a gamma prior distribution for the failure rate. In this article, we address this question at a more general level. We show that for a certain class of distributions failures can be more informative than survivals for prediction of life length and vice versa for some others. We also show that for a large class of lifetime models, failure is less informative than survival for estimating the proportional hazards parameter with gamma, Jeffreys, and uniform priors. We further show that, for this class of lifetime models, on average, failure is more informative than survival for parameter estimation and for prediction. These results imply that the inferential purpose and properties of the lifetime distribution are germane for conducting life tests. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013     

轮状病毒荧光定量PCR标准品的构建

采用MA104细胞系培养和T载体克隆技术,在轮状病毒结构蛋白VP4基因序列中设计合成引物,经过PCR扩增后将特异性产物与pMD-19-T载体连接,对获得的轮状病毒重组质粒标准品进行酶切鉴定和测序分析。利用常规PCR和荧光定量PCR方法对获得的重组质粒标准品进行特异性和灵敏度指标的检验。结果表明,将构建的重组质粒作为标准品制备标准曲线具有较高的扩增效率和良好的线性关系(斜率为-4.015,R2=0.991);荧光定量PCR熔解曲线分析表明,85.8℃的PCR产物是轮状病毒VP4基因序列的特异性产物,该标准品具有轮状病毒特异性;同时,所制备的重组质粒标准品在荧光定量PCR检测中具有较大的线性范围(5×101~5×1010拷贝/μL),每个梯度PCR反应最低可以检测到50拷贝的重组质粒,因而采用该标准品进行荧光定量PCR分析具有较高的检测灵敏度;此外,该重组质粒标准品具有较高的稳定性和重复性,3次独立实验的变异因数Cv<1.5%。构建的重组质粒标准品可以用做环境水体中轮状病毒的荧光定量PCR标准品。     

内腐蚀缺陷尺寸对DN150承插管线承压能力的影响

为了科学地指导DN150承插管线的使用与管理,采用非线性有限元法对带内腐蚀缺陷的DN150承插管线进行了剩余强度的评估。通过分析和计算,研究了腐蚀缺陷宽度、长度和深度对管线极限承载能力的影响。结果表明：腐蚀缺陷宽度对DN150承插管线的承载能力影响很小,可忽略不计;随着腐蚀缺陷长度的增加,管线的承载能力略微减小,当缺陷长度达到150mm,管道失效压力基本不变;随着腐蚀缺陷深度的增加,管道失效压力呈线性递减,其对管道失效压力的影响程度远远大于腐蚀缺陷长度。     

Numerical investigation of the failure mechanism of cubic concrete specimens in SHPB tests

Cylindrical specimens are commonly used in Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests to study the uniaxial dynamic properties of concrete-like materials.In recent years,true tri-axial SHPB equipment has also been developed or is under development to investigate the material dynamic properties under tri-axial impact loads.For such tests,cubic specimens are needed.It is well understood that static material strength obtained from cylinder and cube specimens are different.Conversion factors are obtained and adopted in some guidelines to convert the material strength obtained from the two types of specimens.Previous uniaxial impact tests have also demonstrated that the failure mode and the strain rate effect of cubic specimens are very different from that of cylindrical ones.However,the mechanical background of these findings is unclear.As an extension of the previous laboratory study,this study performs numerical SHPB tests of cubic and cylindrical concrete specimens subjected to uniaxial impact load with the validated numerical model.The stress states of cubic specimens in relation to its failure mode under different strain rates is analyzed and compared with cylindrical specimens.The detailed analyses of the numerical simulation results show that the lateral inertial confinement of the cylindrical specimen is higher than that of the cubic specimen under the same strain rates.For cubic specimen,the corners are more severely damaged because of the lower lateral confinement and the occurrence of the tensile radial stress which is not observed in cylindrical specimens.These results explain why the dynamic material strengths obtained from the two types of specimens are different and are strain rate dependent.Based on the simulation results,an empirical formula of conversion factor as a function of strain rate is proposed,which supplements the traditional conversion factor for quasi-static material strength.It can be used for transforming the dynamic compressive strength from cylinders to cubes obtained from impact tests at different strain rates.     

钢框架梁柱焊接连接抗震性能试验研究

以梁端腹板的扇形孔形状为主要参数,进行了4个足尺钢框架梁柱焊接节点往复加载下的破坏试验。通过对弯矩—塑性转角和弯矩—累积塑性变形倍率试验曲线对比分析表明,扇形孔是节点变形能力和破坏形式的主要影响因素。改进扇形孔构造是一种有效措施,既可提高节点的抗震性能,又能保持制作工艺与传统节点基本相同。     

火灾安全评价方法研究

火灾安全评价是利用系统工程的方法对拟建或已有工程、系统可能存在的危险性及可能产生的后果进行综合评价和预测,并根据可能导致的火灾事故风险的大小,提出相应的安全对策措施,以达到工程、系统安全的过程。主要论述了火灾安全评价的目的、火灾安全评价的意义、火灾安全评价的一般程序、火灾安全评价方法选择、火灾安全评价方法的比较及火灾安全评价方法在消防中应用。     

Some probability functions in reliability and their applications

There has been much research on the general failure model recently. In the general failure model, when the unit fails at its age t, Type I failure (minor failure) occurs with probability 1 ? p(t) and Type II failure (catastrophic failure) occurs with probability p(t). In the previous research, some specific shapes (constant, non‐decreasing, or bathtub‐shape) on the probability function p(t) are assumed. In this article, general results on some probability functions are obtained and applied to study the shapes of p(t). The results are also applied to determining the optimal inspection and allocation policies in maintenance problems. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

微波脉冲对硅基双极型晶体管的损伤特性

利用微波脉冲注入实验平台,对硅基双极型晶体管低噪声放大器进行了损伤效应实验。在微波脉冲对硅基双极型晶体管低噪声放大器损伤的失效分析中,当低噪声放大器增益下降大于10d B时,发现硅基双极型晶体管出现了永久损伤。通过对比测量硅基双极型晶体管损伤前后的电特性以及利用扫描电子显微镜观测损伤后晶体管的微观特性发现:硅基双极型晶体管被微波脉冲损伤后,基区的硅材料烧蚀导致发射结和集电结短路,不再具有PN结特性,导致器件失效。