离散小波变换在被动声目标识别中的应用

研究了战场被动声目标鲁棒特征参数的提取,分析了战场声信号与语音信号特征的相似性,提出基于MFCC参数的战场声目标识别方法。针对战场环境存在强噪声干扰情况,提出一种改进的MFCC特征参数(DWTMFCC)提取方法,该方法将小波分析和MEL倒谱分析结合,提高了特征参数的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明:在噪声条件下,利用DWTMFCC参数进行声目标识别,平均识别率比MFCC参数高出3.134个百分点,信噪比为5dB时,识别率仍达到93.67%。     

“前进一步自然宽”——也谈军事战略思维“转型”

军事战略思维转型是推进中国特色军事变革的内在要求和重要组成部分，也是信息化条件下加强军队建设的一项重要内容。中国特色军事变革，不仅需要器物层面变革的支撑，更需要以军事战略思维转型为核心的精神层面变革的引领。     

Reforming China’s defense industry

ABSTRACT

Even with sizable economic inputs, access to foreign technologies, and considerable political will, China, up until the late 1990s, experienced only limited success when it came to the local design, development, and manufacture of advanced conventional weapons. Not surprisingly, therefore, reforming the local defense industry in order to upgrade its technology base and manufacturing capabilities and to make armaments production more efficient and cost-effective has long preoccupied the Chinese leadership. The fact that most of these efforts had little positive impact on the country’s military technological and industrial capabilities only encouraged Beijing to experiment with additional reforms in the hopes of finally getting it right.     

基于Bayes理论的测试性数据融合评估技术

针对目前高可靠性产品测试性评估验证面临的样本量不足的问题,提出一种基于Bayes理论的内外场数据融合评估技术,并给出详细的内外场测试性数据收集方法及原则,利用某产品的试验数据对该方法进行了验证。该方法工程应用性强,可作为高可靠性产品测试性评估的依据。     

Single‐commodity stochastic network design under demand and topological uncertainties with insufficient data

Stochastic network design is fundamental to transportation and logistic problems in practice, yet faces new modeling and computational challenges resulted from heterogeneous sources of uncertainties and their unknown distributions given limited data. In this article, we design arcs in a network to optimize the cost of single‐commodity flows under random demand and arc disruptions. We minimize the network design cost plus cost associated with network performance under uncertainty evaluated by two schemes. The first scheme restricts demand and arc capacities in budgeted uncertainty sets and minimizes the worst‐case cost of supply generation and network flows for any possible realizations. The second scheme generates a finite set of samples from statistical information (e.g., moments) of data and minimizes the expected cost of supplies and flows, for which we bound the worst‐case cost using budgeted uncertainty sets. We develop cutting‐plane algorithms for solving the mixed‐integer nonlinear programming reformulations of the problem under the two schemes. We compare the computational efficacy of different approaches and analyze the results by testing diverse instances of random and real‐world networks. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 154–173, 2017     

小学语文课外阅读中协同知识建构的特征研究

小学阶段是培养学生阅读兴趣的重要阶段,这一阶段应该以多种形式开展课外阅读以培养学生的阅读素养。知识建构在培养学生语言能力、审美、鉴赏、创造思维、文化传承与理解方面发挥着重要的作用,在小学语文课外阅读中有广泛的应用空间。研究以小学五年级所开展的课外阅读为例,对学生在课外阅读中协同知识建构过程进行了分析,发现课外阅读过程中的协同知识建构具有过程性、自发性、可持续发展性的特征,对培养学生的口语表达能力、审美能力、创作能力和人际交往能力有积极的作用。     

《概论》课研讨式教学与学生非智力因素培养研究

以非智力因素与思想政治教育的关系为切入点,探讨《毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论》课研讨式教学与学生非智力因素培养之间的内在关联,凸现非智力因素在思想政治教育过程中的价值,系统设计《概论》课研讨式教学,从而提高思想政治教育实效。     

语文教师在中学作文教学中“导”的作用

中学作文教学是整个语文教学中十分重要的一环,传统的作文教学方法忽视学生的主体作用,而"写前-写中-写后"三阶段作文教学法突出了语文教师应有的"引导"作用,在作文教学中侧重对学生主体性的调动,让作文教学在语文教师"导"的作用下更好地成为教与学的互动平台,进一步提高学生的写作能力。     

新疆少数民族双语教学中汉语教学的困境

本文主要论述了新疆少数民族双语教学中汉语教学的重要性及存在的困境,并对如何在教学中提高少数民族学生的汉语表达能力进行了探讨,并提出了几点建议:克服少数民族学生开口表达汉语的心理障碍;创设汉语表达语境让学生感知汉语交际情景;运用直观教学手段强化民族学生汉语表达的培养;教学中运用多种方法训练和培养学生用汉语的思维习惯。     

用于消除缓变伪距偏差的抗差扩展卡尔曼滤波方法

针对卫星导航系统中伪距观测量存在缓变伪距偏差,导致定位精度下降的问题,提出了一种基于滑动积累的抗差扩展卡尔曼滤波方法。该方法在抗差扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的基础上,通过滑动窗口内多个历元残差矢量的累积,增大标准化残差矢量的伪距偏差,来提高对缓变伪距偏差故障的抗差能力。仿真表明,该方法能有效消除或者减弱微小伪距偏差和缓慢增长伪距偏差造成的位置误差,与传统抗差扩展卡尔曼滤波算法比较,定位精度得到明显改善。