液体火箭发动机离心式喷嘴振荡喷雾特性现状和发展趋势

为加深对振荡喷雾的雾化特性及其与不稳定燃烧的关系的认识,针对低温推进剂液体火箭发动机中广泛应用的气液同轴离心式喷嘴和液液同轴离心式喷嘴,从受激振荡、自激振荡以及喷雾振荡与燃烧稳定性三个方面对研究现状进展进行了综述,总结了以往研究中的成果以及需要克服的关键技术难题,以加深对振荡喷雾及其与燃烧稳定性关系的认识。通过综述可知：对于受激振荡,对于常温常压条件下的供应系统流量振荡引起的前端压力振荡的研究比较充分,但缺少对燃烧室压力变化引起的反压振荡的研究以及超临界条件下喷雾受激振荡的研究;对于自激振荡,研究主要集中在液体中心型同轴离心喷嘴,对于气体中心型同轴离心喷嘴和液液同轴离心喷嘴的研究还较少;光学诊断技术仍难以提取单一的燃烧流场信息。     

同轴虚阴极的粒子模拟

采用 2 12 维全电磁模相对论PIC粒子模拟程序对同轴虚阴极振荡器进行了数值模拟。通过改变装置的结构参数和电气参数等方法 ,对该类装置取得了一系列规律性的认识。通过模拟还发现 ,对要求的频段 ,通过加入电子收集极的方法 ,可以有效地提高功率和压制倍频现象的发生。     

采用射流掺混增强的前可调面积涵道引射器数值模拟

为了提高风扇外涵和核心机驱动风扇级外涵流体的掺混效率，提出一种采用射流掺混增强的前可调面积引射器设计方案。通过数值模拟的手段对流量特性、流动掺混和总压损失等方面进行了研究，并同基准模型进行了对比分析，结果表明：采用波瓣混合器结构的前可调面积引射器设计，显著地增加了较高出口背压工况下风扇外涵的流通能力；新的设计方案不仅没有增加低出口背压工况下的总压损失，还减小了高背压出口工况下的流动损失；流向涡的特征尺度是提高掺混效率的关键，可以进一步优化波瓣混合器几何轮廓，以满足调节机构对结构设计的要求。     

Periodic review inventory management with contingent use of two freight modes with fixed costs

We study a stochastic inventory model of a firm that periodically orders a product from a make‐to‐order manufacturer. Orders can be shipped by a combination of two freight modes that differ in lead‐times and costs, although orders are not allowed to cross. Placing an order as well as each use of each freight mode has a fixed and a quantity proportional cost. The decision of how to allocate units between the two freight modes utilizes information about demand during the completion of manufacturing. We derive the optimal freight mode allocation policy, and show that the optimal policy for placing orders is not an (s,S) policy in general. We provide tight bounds for the optimal policy that can be calculated by solving single period problems. Our analysis enables insights into the structure of the optimal policy specifying the conditions under which it simplifies to an (s,S) policy. We characterize the best (s,S) policy for our model, and through extensive numerical investigation show that its performance is comparable with the optimal policy in most cases. Our numerical study also sheds light on the benefits of the dual freight model over the single freight models. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

论高校工会在青年教师师德师风建设中的作用

高校青年教师是高校的生力军,如何加强高校青年教师的师德师风建设,充分调动其积极性和创造性,是高校工会师德师风建设的重点。本文就当前青年教师的特点和高校工会面临的现状,对如何加强高校青年教师师德师风建设提出了具体措施。     

燃烧室-喷管流场数值解

本文用时间相关法计算了固体火箭发动机燃烧室─喷管亚跨声速流场数值解,控制方程用ＭａｃＣｏｒｍａｃｋ二步显格式：边界点参数用物理边界条件和参考平面上的特征方程计算。计算表明,达到收敛的数值积分步数比纯喷管的跨声速计算要多得多。虽然喷管壁上和轴线上的马赫数分布与纯喷管计算类似,但喷管中的等马赫线分布与纯喷管计算的结果［３］相差较远。     

气液同轴双离心式喷嘴喷雾特性

采用流体体积方法分析涡流器离心式喷嘴内部流动过程,采用单反相机和相位多普勒测速仪测量离心式喷嘴、气液同轴双离心式喷嘴的喷雾特性。发现涡流器离心式喷嘴内部流动的总压损失主要发生在涡流器槽道入口、收敛段和等直段。等直段使液膜厚度减小,喷雾锥角减小。离心式喷嘴喷雾粒径分布范围沿径向逐渐增加,轴向速度分布范围沿径向先减小后逐渐增加。气液同轴双离心式喷嘴喷雾特性受气液比影响很大,气液比小时旋流空气使喷雾锥角增加,粒径分布范围减小;气液比大时,气体膨胀压缩喷雾,使大液滴能够到达喷雾中心,喷雾外侧为二次雾化成的细小液滴。     

Counterinsurgency American style: Considering David Petraeus and twenty-first century irregular war

This article examines the complex legacy of David Petraeus who was a key figure in the emergence of the US military shift towards counterinsurgency doctrine in the years after 2006. Although Petraeus has been perceived by critics as a publicity seeker, he can be credited with laying the foundations for a more serious commitment to COIN involving in particular in integrating conventional and Special Forces in arenas like village stability operations. The article looks a Petraeus's role in both Iraq and Afghanistan: it concludes that, in the case of Afghanistan, it is too early to assess whether counterinsurgency has had a decisive impact of the outcome of the war against the Taliban.     

基于改进遗传算法的平流层飞艇定点悬停控制(英文)

平流层飞艇定点悬停控制是飞艇应用领域的关键技术。该控制问题可以转化为非线性多目标优化问题来求解。遗传算法是解决现代非线性多目标优化问题的一种重要方法。但是基本遗传算法在解决定点悬停飞艇实际控制问题时,具有易陷入局部最优解、在遗传进化过程中随机性较强、搜索效率低下及耗时多等缺陷。通过借鉴并行遗传算法、模拟退火算法和向量评价遗传算法的基本思想,在基本遗传操作中添加切断算子和拼接算子,设计一种改进遗传算法来改善上述缺陷。仿真结果表明该方法是有效可行的。