奇型抛物问题的有限元误差估计

本文引入带权的 Sobolev 空间,讨论了奇型线性问题:(?)((?)u)/((?)t)-1/x~(?)(x~aa(x)u′)′=f(t,x) (x,t)∈1×J(?)/((?)x)u(t,0)=u(t,1)=0 t∈Ju(0,x)=φ(x) x∈I式中 I=(0,1),J=[0,T],0<α<3的有限元方法,并在适当条件下,给出了最佳估计:‖u_(?)-u‖_(0,2,a)≤ch~2{‖φ‖_(2,2,a)+[integral 0 to t (‖u‖~2_(2,2,a)+‖u_(?)‖~2_(2,2,a)dt]~(1/2)}‖u_(?)-u‖_(1,2,a)≤ch~2{‖φ‖_(2,2,a)+[integral 0 to t (‖u‖~2_(2,2,a)+‖u_(?)‖~2_(2,2,a)dt]~(1/2)}     

高速磁悬浮列车电磁场的模拟计算

采用有限元法研究了高速磁悬浮列车的悬浮和推进电磁场,重点研究了车辆在不同运行条件下悬浮力和推力的变化规律,并得出了经验公式。分析和计算结果表明,悬浮力和推力的大小与功角有关,并且由于定子齿槽和材料不连续的影响,悬浮力和推力都存在六倍频的波动。     

The stochastic single resource service‐provision problem

The service‐provision problem described in this paper comes from an application of distributed processing in telecommunications networks. The objective is to maximize a service provider's profit from offering computational‐based services to customers. The service provider has limited capacity and must choose which of a set of software applications he would like to offer. This can be done dynamically, taking into consideration that demand for the different services is uncertain. The problem is examined in the framework of stochastic integer programming. Approximations and complexity are examined for the case when demand is described by a discrete probability distribution. For the deterministic counterpart, a fully polynomial approximation scheme is known 2 . We show that introduction of stochasticity makes the problem strongly NP‐hard, implying that the existence of such a scheme for the stochastic problem is highly unlikely. For the general case a heuristic with a worst‐case performance ratio that increases in the number of scenarios is presented. Restricting the class of problem instances in a way that many reasonable practical problem instances satisfy allows for the derivation of a heuristic with a constant worst‐case performance ratio. Worst‐case performance analysis of approximation algorithms is classical in the field of combinatorial optimization, but in stochastic programming the authors are not aware of any previous results in this direction. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2003     

推进剂“脱湿”损伤研究的内聚力单元方法

内聚力单元是进行推进剂“脱湿”损伤研究的重要手段。通过分子动力学方法构建推进剂高填充比几何模型,结合周期几何和周期边界处理方法,构建推进剂细观有限元分析模型。采用内聚力单元结合PPR内聚力模型开展颗粒和基体黏接界面“脱湿”行为模拟。在单轴拉伸和纯剪试验下分析推进剂细观结构的力学响应,开展推进剂“脱湿”损伤机理研究。针对不同的体分比、应变速率以及内聚强度,开展了“脱湿”损伤影响规律分析。研究方法和研究结论可以为新一代高性能推进剂配方的研制提供有利的参考。     

基于分布式排队网络的防空战术协同模型

分析了多个防空火力单元的作战过程,将战术BM/C3的控制协调决策抽象为决策策略。建立了多个火力单元协同作战的排队网络模型,并运用SPN理论对排队网络的运行机制进行了强有力的描述,有效地体现了防空作战过程中的威胁评估、目标分配等战术决策过程。这将为建立大型复杂排队网络,模拟仿真战役层面防空作战过程奠定基础。     

GSPN的分析方法及其应用

随着计算机和信息技术的发展,广义随机Petri网(G SPN)作为一种图形化的建模工具,不仅可以对系统进行形式化的描述和快速原型开发,而且由于其具有坚实的数学理论基础,可以对系统进行正确性验证和性能评价,因此在系统的设计过程中,得到了广泛的应用。基于结构分析方法、可达图分析和数值分析方法讨论分析了G SPN,并给出了具体的算例,最后讨论了G SPN的应用领域。     

箭(弹)级间螺栓法兰连接结构冲击失效实验与数值仿真

基于火箭(导弹)级间螺栓法兰连接结构,简化设计并制作了一组原理性实验件,利用ABAQUS软件建立有限元模型,设计并进行了多次落锤冲击失效实验,其中包括轴向和横向两种工况,考虑了螺栓均布与非均布、螺栓直径和螺栓-栓孔间隙等不同结构特点。实验过程中采集了螺栓力时程响应数据、柱段关键点应变时程响应数据、锤头冲击力和冲击速度及连接界面开缝位移等多组数据。根据实验效果和实测数据,分析了连接结构冲击失效机理,并对比验证发现有限元模型数值模拟效果和精度与实验结果吻合较好。研究结论可为箭(弹)级间连接结构抗冲击设计提供参考。     

A model of supply-chain decisions for resource sharing with an application to ventilator allocation to combat COVID-19

We present a stochastic optimization model for allocating and sharing a critical resource in the case of a pandemic. The demand for different entities peaks at different times, and an initial inventory for a central agency are to be allocated. The entities (states) may share the critical resource with a different state under a risk-averse condition. The model is applied to study the allocation of ventilator inventory in the COVID-19 pandemic by FEMA to different U.S. states. Findings suggest that if less than 60% of the ventilator inventory is available for non-COVID-19 patients, FEMA's stockpile of 20 000 ventilators (as of March 23, 2020) would be nearly adequate to meet the projected needs in slightly above average demand scenarios. However, when more than 75% of the available ventilator inventory must be reserved for non-COVID-19 patients, various degrees of shortfall are expected. In a severe case, where the demand is concentrated in the top-most quartile of the forecast confidence interval and states are not willing to share their stockpile of ventilators, the total shortfall over the planning horizon (until May 31, 2020) is about 232 000 ventilator days, with a peak shortfall of 17 200 ventilators on April 19, 2020. Results are also reported for a worst-case where the demand is at the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval. An important finding of this study is that a central agency (FEMA) can act as a coordinator for sharing critical resources that are in short supply over time to add efficiency in the system. Moreover, through properly managing risk-aversion of different entities (states) additional efficiency can be gained. An additional implication is that ramping up production early in the planning cycle allows to reduce shortfall significantly. An optimal timing of this production ramp-up consideration can be based on a cost-benefit analysis.     

某空降型自行火炮着陆过程车体损伤评估

为了考核某空降型自行火炮着陆冲击过程的抗冲击振动性能,实装空投试验是检验手段之一,但是实装空投需要耗费巨大的人力和财力,而且试验条件不可控,因此,采用数值模拟分析是一条有效的途径。通过建立整炮的虚拟样机模型获取载荷,建立车体的有限元模型并对车体进行瞬态响应分析,得到车体着陆冲击过程的动应力和动应变,结合勒梅特损伤模型对车体的损伤量进行了计算。这种结合虚拟样机技术和有限元分析的研究方法可为大型空降武器的抗冲击振动试验提供参考。     

双层柱壳的流固耦合模态计算与试验研究

采用结构有限元和内域流体有限元的流固耦合计算方法,对球壳及其内域流体进行有限元离散计算,并将计算所得的模态振动频率与理论结果进行了比较.采用同样的方法,进一步对加筋双层圆柱壳进行了流固耦合的复特征值分析,并求解了其固有频率和振型.试验分别对双层柱壳充水和不充水情况下模态和模态频率进行了测量,结果证实了数值计算方法的正确性.