Lateral capacity exchange and its impact on capacity investment decisions

We study the problem of capacity exchange between two firms in anticipation of the mismatch between demand and capacity, and its impact on firm's capacity investment decisions. For given capacity investment levels of the two firms, we demonstrate how capacity price may be determined and how much capacity should be exchanged when either manufacturer acts as a Stackelberg leader in the capacity exchange game. By benchmarking against the centralized system, we show that a side payment may be used to coordinate the capacity exchange decisions. We then study the firms' capacity investment decisions using a biform game framework in which capacity investment decisions are made individually and exchange decisions are made as in a centralized system. We demonstrate the existence and uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium capacity investment levels and study the impact of firms' share of the capacity exchange surplus on their capacity investment levels.© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

磁控溅射制备SmCo薄膜的工艺及磁性研究

用直流磁控溅射方法制备了SmCo薄膜,通过正交设计实验考察了工艺因素对薄膜沉积速率的影响规律。研究结果表明,影响薄膜沉积速率的主要因素是溅射功率,其次为靶基距,在0.5～2.0Pa的压强范围内,Ar气压强的大小对溅射速率的影响很小。X-射线衍射结果表明:制备态的SmCo薄膜为非晶结构,500℃真空热处理后,薄膜中出现少量的微晶SmCo5化合物。磁性能测试表明:制备态SmCo薄膜的矫顽力随薄膜厚度的增加而显著下降;真空热处理过程中,薄膜结构缺陷及成分起伏减少,薄膜的矫顽力和饱和磁场强度显著下降,初始磁导率和饱和磁化强度显著增加。     

石油科技成果经济效益评价方法研究

依据石油科技成果的类型、专业类别、经济效益体现形式,计算其经济效益便可形成成千上万个计算公式,这给成果经济效益计算带来较大困难,为此提出了计算石油科技成果经济效益的增量思想、黑箱思想和分解叠加思想,并建立了石油科技成果经济效益计算指标体系,包括4个统计型和4个预测型效益指标,探讨了计算其经济效益的通用数学公式。以及经济效益预测的新模型。经过应用检验。说明文中提出的方法完全可以解决应用型石油科技成果经济效益的计算问题。     

箭(弹)级间螺栓法兰连接结构冲击失效实验与数值仿真

基于火箭(导弹)级间螺栓法兰连接结构,简化设计并制作了一组原理性实验件,利用ABAQUS软件建立有限元模型,设计并进行了多次落锤冲击失效实验,其中包括轴向和横向两种工况,考虑了螺栓均布与非均布、螺栓直径和螺栓-栓孔间隙等不同结构特点。实验过程中采集了螺栓力时程响应数据、柱段关键点应变时程响应数据、锤头冲击力和冲击速度及连接界面开缝位移等多组数据。根据实验效果和实测数据,分析了连接结构冲击失效机理,并对比验证发现有限元模型数值模拟效果和精度与实验结果吻合较好。研究结论可为箭(弹)级间连接结构抗冲击设计提供参考。     

心理学在美军价值观培育中的应用

价值观在人的心理结构,尤其是在道德结构中处于基础地位,是制约人类行为的深层心理因素。军人价值观是军人的精神支柱,是部队战斗力的思想基础,也是军队思想政治教育的基础。美军遵循心理规律、激发内在动力、注重实践训练,进而将其价值观内化于美军官兵的认知结构之中,具有一定的参考价值。     

Capacity investment decisions under risk aversion

This article studies the optimal capacity investment problem for a risk‐averse decision maker. The capacity can be either purchased or salvaged, whereas both involve a fixed cost and a proportional cost/revenue. We incorporate risk preference and use a consumption model to capture the decision maker's risk sensitivity in a multiperiod capacity investment model. We show that, in each period, capacity and consumption decisions can be separately determined. In addition, we characterize the structure of the optimal capacity strategy. When the parameters are stationary, we present certain conditions under which the optimal capacity strategy could be easily characterized by a static two‐sided (s, S) policy, whereby, the capacity is determined only at the beginning of period one, and held constant during the entire planning horizon. It is purchased up to B when the initial capacity is below b, salvaged down to Σ when it is above σ, and remains constant otherwise. Numerical tests are presented to investigate the impact of demand volatility on the optimal capacity strategy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 218–235, 2016     

三明治复合材料加筋L型接头的弯曲承载能力和损伤机理

针对一种三明治复合材料加筋L型接头,介绍了其结构形式和成型工艺,通过试验测试了接头的弯曲承载能力,分析了接头的破坏模式,并对其损伤机理进行了研究,以探求接头的技术改进路径。研究结果表明:L型接头具有良好的吸能效果,在结构发生大变形破坏时,仍具有较高的弯曲承载能力;L型接头的破坏主要发生在垂横加强筋的相交处,初始损伤是相交处侧面的玻璃钢和芯材发生界面分离;工程上应将改进L型接头垂横加强筋相交处的蒙皮和芯材之间的连接工艺作为提高接头承载能力的技术路径。     

有限维修能力下多级保障系统装备时变可用度评估及保障方案优化

备件库存和站点维修能力是影响备件维修周转的重要因素,制约着装备的使用效果。针对备件需求随任务阶段动态变化时装备保障方案的评估和优化问题,考虑站点维修能力对备件维修过程的影响,结合METRIC建模方法和动态排队理论,建立了有限维修能力下多级保障系统装备时变可用度评估模型。在评估模型基础之上,以保障费用为优化目标、装备可用度为约束条件,建立任务期内多级保障系统保障方案优化模型。以任务期内的最低可用度所对应的备件短缺数为观测值,分析各项资源的边际效益值,采用边际优化算法对各项资源进行优化计算。算例分析表明,评估模型能够计算多级保障系统任务期内各阶段装备可用度;保障方案优化模型和方法能够得到各项保障资源的优化配置方案。提出的模型和优化方法能够为装备保障人员制订合理的保障方案提供决策支持。     

Many‐server loss models with non‐poisson time‐varying arrivals

This article proposes an approximation for the blocking probability in a many‐server loss model with a non‐Poisson time‐varying arrival process and flexible staffing (number of servers) and shows that it can be used to set staffing levels to stabilize the time‐varying blocking probability at a target level. Because the blocking probabilities necessarily change dramatically after each staffing change, we randomize the time of each staffing change about the planned time. We apply simulation to show that (i) the blocking probabilities cannot be stabilized without some form of randomization, (ii) the new staffing algorithm with randomiation can stabilize blocking probabilities at target levels and (iii) the required staffing can be quite different when the Poisson assumption is dropped. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 177–202, 2017     

Elements of ‘armed non-state actors’ power: The case of al-Qaeda in Yemen

Over the past few years there is an apparent re-regionalization of al-Qaeda activity, intensified by the ongoing Middle East turmoil. Its main characteristic is a trend towards the abandonment of focoist strategies and their replacement by more popular-based ones. This article aims at evaluating their capacity to implement such a strategy shift and sustain the required level of violence. As a means of evaluating this capacity, this article proposes the use of a DIME (diplomatic, informational, military, and economic) framework, which will hopefully provide an alternative angle of theorizing and understanding ‘armed non-state actors’ (ANSAs). The model is applied in the case of al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), which appears to have effectively developed the military and informational dimensions, due partly to its own prowess and partly to the Yemeni state's weaknesses and the shortcomings of counterinsurgency. In contrast, the economic and diplomatic dimensions suffer from the lack of resources and the anti-systemic nature of AQAP.