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Ben A. Chaouch 《海军后勤学研究》2007,54(1):94-108
This paper develops an inventory model that determines replenishment strategies for buyers facing situations in which sellers offer price‐discounting campaigns at random times as a way to drive sales or clear excess inventory. Specifically, the model deals with the inventory of a single item that is maintained to meet a constant demand over time. The item can be purchased at two different prices denoted high and low. We assume that the low price goes into effect at random points in time following an exponential distribution and lasts for a random length of time following another exponential distribution. We highlight a replenishment strategy that will lead to the lowest inventory holding and ordering costs possible. This strategy is to replenish inventory only when current levels are below a certain threshold when the low price is offered and the replenishment is to a higher order‐up‐to level than the one currently in use when inventory depletes to zero and the price is high. Our analysis provides new insight into the behavior of the optimal replenishment strategy in response to changes in the ratio of purchase prices together with changes in the ratio of the duration of a low‐price period to that of a high‐price period. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007. 相似文献
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为解决航天器智能能力的构建和智能技术的引入问题,从能力部署视角提出了智能等级的划分,从定性的自动、自治、自主的等级出发,自底向上分解为数据注入接收能力、任务执行能力、自学习能力、系统自我管理能力、任务自我管理和思考能力,其程度分为底层反应、中层程序和高层思考。对照上述能力给出可实施的5阶模型和人字架构。人字架构是以即插即用技术加自主控制技术来支持上层智能能力的模型。该模型基于航天器接口业务架构和欧洲空间局的包应用标准业务,采用管理信息库和电子数据单技术进行数据化设计。对应星上的智能能力等级讨论相适应的地面系统能力。人字架构具有层次化、业务模型化和自底向上归一化构建的特点,对上层智能技术的引入是开放的。 相似文献
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Using the Boko Haram terrorist group in Nigeria as a point of departure, this paper examines the implications of the operations of terrorist groups on the security and stability of states in West Africa. It predominantly utilises secondary sources of data. Findings indicate that the membership and operations of this terrorist group are spreading across the sub-region. This spread is consequent upon Boko Haram's collaboration with other terrorist groups within West Africa and beyond. This constitutes threats to the security and stability of states in the sub-region. Thus, the paper recommends, among other things: a thorough understanding of the operational strategies of terrorist groups by states and those involved in security policymaking in the sub-region; and for agreements to be reached among Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) member states and their governments for collaboration in various areas in order to curtail transnational crime and terrorism, and reduce socio-economic inequality that generates aggressive behaviours among the less privileged. 相似文献