Operations sequencing for a multi‐stage production inventory system

This article studies operations sequencing for a multi‐stage production inventory system with lead times under predictable (deterministic) yield losses and random demand. We consider various cases with either full or partial release of work‐in‐process inventories, for either pre‐operation or post‐operation cost structures, and under either the total discounted or average cost criteria. We derive necessary and sufficient criteria for the optimal sequence of operations in all cases. While the criteria differ in their specific forms, they all lead to the same principal: those operations with (1) lower yields, (2) lower processing costs, (3) longer lead times, and (4) lower inventory holding costs should be placed higher upstream in the system.Copyright © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 144–154, 2014     

基于竞争式MAC接入的移动Adhoc网络建模与仿真

总结了具有代表性的竞争式MAC接入协议:冲突避免多址接入MACA、IEEE 802.11 DCF和信道获得多址接入FAMA传输介质访问控制接入的一般性规律,建立了一个竞争式MAC接入数学模型,研究哪些因素影响网络通信。通过NS2网络模拟实验,验证了这些影响的存在,并初步了解如何减少这些负面影响。与无线网络物理层或高层网络比起来,MAC接入对于无线网络高效可靠通信的负面影响容易被忽略,实际却存在,该研究对无线网络可靠通信具有一定参考价值。     

Selling to strategic and loss‐averse consumers: Stocking,procurement, and product design policies

Motivated by the presence of loss‐averse decision making behavior in practice, this article considers a supply chain consisting of a firm and strategic consumers who possess an S‐shaped loss‐averse utility function. In the model, consumers decide the purchase timing and the firm chooses the inventory level. We find that the loss‐averse consumers' strategic purchasing behavior is determined by their perceived gain and loss from strategic purchase delay, and the given rationing risk. Thus, the firm that is cognizant of this property tailors its inventory stocking policy based on the consumers' loss‐averse behavior such as their perceived values of gain and loss, and their sensitivity to them. We also demonstrate that the firm's equilibrium inventory stocking policy reflects both the economic logic of the traditional newsvendor inventory model, and the loss‐averse behavior of consumers. The equilibrium order quantity is significantly different from those derived from models that assume that the consumers are risk neutral and homogeneous in their valuations. We show that the firm that ignores strategic consumer's loss‐aversion behavior tends to keep an unnecessarily high inventory level that leads to excessive leftovers. Our numerical experiments further reveal that in some extreme cases the firm that ignores strategic consumer's loss‐aversion behavior generates almost 92% more leftovers than the firm that possesses consumers’ loss‐aversion information and takes it into account when making managerial decisions. To mitigate the consumer's forward‐looking behavior, we propose the adoption of the practice of agile supply chain management, which possesses the following attributes: (i) procuring inventory after observing real‐time demand information, (ii) enhanced design (which maintains the current production mix but improves the product performance to a higher level), and (iii) customized design (which maintains the current performance level but increases the variety of the current production line to meet consumers’ specific demands). We show that such a practice can induce the consumer to make early purchases by increasing their rationing risk, increasing the product value, or diversifying the product line. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 435–453, 2015     

The loss‐averse newsvendor problem with supply options

In this article, we consider a loss‐averse newsvendor with stochastic demand. The newsvendor might procure options when demand is unknown, and decide how many options to execute only after demand is revealed. If the newsvendor reserves too many options, he would incur high reservation costs. Yet reserving too few could result in lost sales. So the newsvendor faces a trade‐off between reservation costs and losing sales. When there are multiple options available, the newsvendor has to consider how many units of each to reserve by studying the trade‐off between flexibility and costs. We show how the newsvendor's loss aversion behavior affects his ordering decision, and propose an efficient algorithm to compute his optimal solution in the general case with n options. We also present examples showing how the newsvendor's ordering strategy changes as loss aversion rises. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 62:46–59, 2015     

粒子束空间传输影响因素及应对方法

全面分析了初始束流分布、发散度、能散度以及地磁场对粒子束空间传输的影响情况,并针对束流长距离传输的静电扩散和地磁偏转效应进行了数值建模及定量的数值仿真研究。结果表明,对于固定束流能量、流强粒子束,可通过增大初始半径削弱粒子束静电扩散效应达到设计要求;通过背景磁场精确预测,可准确控制束流方向精度。可以看出,研究带电粒子束本身的自洽行为以及与外场的作用,对带电粒子束流的产生、传输特性研究及工程化应用都有重要意义。     

基于BLT方程的传输线终端电磁脉冲时域分析

建立架空单导体线缆模型,运用电磁拓扑理论中的BLT方程对其终端负载响应进行求解,通过Fourier变换和逆变换得到瞬态响应;计算线缆长度、线缆半径、离地高度和端接阻抗等取不同参数时的感应电流,得出线缆端接负载感应电流的变化规律。     

基于SNR的烟幕干扰效果仿真

烟幕对红外等电磁波具有吸收、反射和散射特性,可导致导引头上接收的能量大大衰减,从而降低导弹的命中概率.针对外场烟幕性能测试受气象条件和环境因素的影响较大,对准确评估抗红外烟幕遮蔽性能存在较大困难的情况,结合气象条件从烟幕透过率的变化引起导引头信噪比变化的角度,建立了烟幕干扰效果的评估模型,通过计算机仿真,得出了烟幕对红外制导导弹的干扰效果.通过试验对其中的一些结论进行了实验验证,结果表明计算结果能够与实验数据较好吻合.     

WDM—PONs系统中AMOOFDM信号的多信道传输研究

为了提高波分复用无源光网络信道的传输能力,提出了自适应调制光正交频分复用的多信道传输方法．首先,在单模光纤连接上采用直接调制激光器和直接检测技术,给出了传输系统的模型;其次,给出了波分复用信道比特位加载算法;最后,用实例分析了40（或80）km直接调制与检测单模光纤连接系统及传统单一调制系统的传输性能．结果表明：自适应调制信号传输能力得到提高,同时最佳动态光发射功率范围和削峰比范围分别提高5dB和3dB．     

弹药塑料包装透湿机理与应用研究

对弹药塑料包装材料的透湿机理、测试方法、透湿原因、影响因素等进行了分析,并针对塑料包装材料在弹药中的应用现状,提出了提高弹药塑料包装防潮性能的建议。     

船用核动力装置给水减少事件分析与处置研究

从船用核动力装置蒸汽发生器给水减少事件出发,建立事件树分析模型,在保证核安全的前提下,以确保反应堆不停堆为约束条件,运用Relap5/Mod3程序对事件演变过程中的热工水力参数进行计算分析,筛选出在不同运行条件下处理该事件的最佳方案。分析结果表明,在反应堆低功率运行时,并不是所用的给水减少均会造成反应堆停堆,存在最佳的处理方案及相对较长的处置时间用以恢复反应堆及蒸汽发生器的正常运行状态。