Growth model of cavity generated by the projectile impacting liquid-filled tank

The high-speed impact of a projectile on a liquid-filled tank causes the hydraulic ram, in which a cavity is formed. To study the growth characteristics of the cavity, the formation mechanism of the cavity is analyzed. The effect of Reynolds number and Mach number on drag coefficient is considered, the axial and radial growth models of the cavity are established respectively. The relative errors between the cavity length calculated by the axial growth model, the cavity diameter calculated by the radial growth model and Ma L. Y. test results are less than 20%, which verifies the effectiveness of the axial and radial growth models. Finally, numerical simulation is carried out to study the growth characteristics of the cavity caused by the projectile impacting the satellite tank at the velocity of 4000 m/s. The cavity length and diameter calculated by the axial and radial growth models agree well with those obtained by simulation results, indicating that the cavity length and diameter in satellite tank can be accurately calculated by the axial and radial growth models.     

Clustered coverage orienteering problem of unmanned surface vehicles for water sampling

This study investigates a clustered coverage orienteering problem (CCOP), which is a generalization of the classical orienteering problem. The problem is widely motivated by the emerging unmanned techniques (eg, unmanned surface vehicles and drones) applied to environmental monitoring. Specifically, the unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) are used to monitor reservoir water quality by collecting samples. In the CCOP, the water sampling sites (ie, the nodes) are grouped into clusters, and a minimum number of nodes must be visited in each cluster. With each node representing a certain coverage area of the water, the objective of the CCOP is to monitor as much as possible the total coverage area in one tour of the USV, considering that overlapping areas provide no additional information. An integer programming model is first formulated through a linearization procedure that captures the overlapping feature. A two-stage exact algorithm is proposed to obtain an optimal solution to the problem. The efficiency and effectiveness of the two-stage exact algorithm are demonstrated through experiments on randomly generated instances. The algorithm can effectively solve instances with up to 60 sampling sites.     

嵌入遗传算法的顺轨干涉SAR海表流场反演新方法

顺轨干涉SAR海表流场探测技术研究对于实现流场探测的全球化、精细化具有重要作用。为了提高海表流场迭代收敛速度和参数反演精度,依据校正系数的参数特点构建适应度函数的约束关系,将校正系数设计问题转化为仿真干涉相位与实测干涉相位差和雷达、平台参数约束条件下的比例因子选择问题,进而设计遗传算法计算校正系数的技术方法,并嵌入海表流场迭代反演算法,从而构建一种反演新方法。星载SAR数据仿真实验结果表明:海表流向反演的均方根误差优于10.0°,海表流速的均方根误差优于0.1 m/s,这符合海表流场反演精度要求。改进的海表流场反演算法可减少2~3次迭代,有效提高了反演效率。研究对于提高顺轨干涉SAR海表流场探测的实效性和准确性具有重要意义。     

大连7·16油罐区爆炸火灾事故成功处置的启示

随着我国石油化工工业的发展以及国家原油战略储备库项目的实施,油罐的大型化已成为发展的必然趋势,现在10万m3的储罐已经屡见不鲜。如此巨大的油罐一旦发生火灾爆炸,其后果是难以想象的。2010年7月16日发生的大连中石油国际储运有限公司保税区油库爆炸火灾的成功处置最大限度的保护了国家财产,最大限度地减少了其对生态环境的破坏,笔者全程参与了此次事故处置指挥,力求通过总结这次作战行动,侧重从特大石化爆炸火灾事故组织指挥层面提供可供借鉴的经验做法。     

船艇机舱发动机辐射噪声研究

针对在混响声场发动机辐射噪声识别困难的问题,提出用统计能量分析法对船艇机舱发动机进行噪声源分析。建立了机舱发动机噪声源识别模型,计算了发动机各表面的辐射声功率大小及频率特性。应用表面振动测量法对机舱发动机各表面辐射噪声进行识别,其结果与统计能量分析法的对比表明:统计能量分析法考虑声场的反射和叠加,能更好地识别复杂声场环境下发动机辐射噪声。     

油罐惰化置换时间的数学计算与模拟实验

基于对油罐惰化置换过程的假设和简化,得到惰化置换时间的计算公式,然后通过对计算公式的修正,完成了对油罐惰化置换时间的计算。最后通过对3次不同流量条件下模拟实验数据的非线性拟合,分别计算出3次实验气体扩散系数的取值,得到O2体积分数与置换时间之间的完整表达式。数学计算和实验的方法与结论将为进一步研究油罐油气的惰化置换规律提供有价值的参考。     

坦克装甲车辆火控观瞄系统发展趋势分析

从火控总体的角度总结了国内外坦克装甲车辆火控观察瞄统的发展过程、现状,分析了观察瞄统的发展特点.对新近发展起来的顶置遥控武器站进行了初步研究,对其应配属的观瞄系统形式进行了探讨.在对未来装备需求和技术发展深入分析的基础上,提出了坦克装甲车辆火控观瞄系统未来的发展方向和需要重点突破和解决的关键技术.     

光学阵列器件的慢刀伺服车削加工技术

慢刀伺服技术是相对于快刀伺服提出的方法.采用C轴、X轴、Z轴联动的方法在极坐标或圆柱坐标内进行加工.光学阵列如微透镜阵列、微反射镜阵列在高速数据、声音和视频信号传输中具有重要作用.将光学阵列看作一个自由曲面,使用慢刀伺服车削技术一次加工成形,可以解决传统加工中将光学阵列分块加工后拼装和调整的困难.但是由于光学阵列表面形状复杂,其表面法线的突变可能会使机床运动超出伺服轴执行能力.根据慢刀伺服加工技术的特点,建立了伺服轴执行能力限制曲线,研究了不同刀具半径补偿方式对加工的影响.实验结果表明,根据机床伺服轴执,厅能力合理选择刀具半径补偿方式可实现微光学阵列器件高精度加工.     

内表面间垂直度的高精度测量方法设计与误差分析

针对框体类零件超精密加工的难点问题--内表面问垂直度误差的高精度测量,提出了一种基于波面干涉技术测量的新方法,建立了垂直度测量系统,分析了各调整误差对测量结果的影响.该方法能够实现框体类零件内表面间垂直度误差的高精度测量与评价,并能得到误差的三维分布,测量结果可直接用于零件的确定性修形加工.实验表明,该方法可实现0.6"的综合测量精度.     

基于均匀设计的临近空间无动力攻击器运动参数响应面建模

为探求临近空间无动力攻击器运动参数的解析模型,采用均匀设计试验方法,以攻击器发射参数为设计变量,从设计空间中选择一些特定的设计点,构造了临近空间攻击器速度、射程以及飞行时间的响应面模型。通过仿真算例,对各响应面模型分别进行显著性检验,证明了所建立的响应面都具有较高的近似精度。