Competing with channel partners: Supply chain conflict when retailers introduce store brands

Private‐label products are of increasing importance in many retail categories. While national‐brand products are designed by the manufacturer and sold by the retailer, the positioning of store‐brand products is under the complete control of the retailer. We consider a scenario where products differ on a performance quality dimension and we analyze how retailer–manufacturer interactions in product positioning are affected by the introduction of a private‐label product. Specifically, we consider a national‐brand manufacturer who determines the quality of its product as well the product's wholesale price charged to the retailer. Given the national‐brand quality and wholesale price, the retailer then decides the quality level of its store brand and sets the retail prices for both products. We find that a manufacturer can derive substantial benefits from considering a retailer's store‐brand introduction when determining the national brand's quality and wholesale price. If the retailer has a significant cost disadvantage in producing high‐quality products, the manufacturer does not need to adjust the quality of the national‐brand product, but he should offer a wholesale price discount to ensure its distribution through the retailer. If the retailer is competitive in providing products of high‐quality, the manufacturer should reduce this wholesale price discount and increase the national‐brand quality to mitigate competition. Interestingly, we find the retailer has incentive to announce a store‐brand introduction to induce the manufacturer's consideration of these plans in determining the national‐brand product quality and wholesale price. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

Attitude deflection of oblique perforation of concrete targets by a rigid projectile

A perforation model is developed to predict the attitude deflection in the oblique perforation of concrete targets by a rigid projectile, in which the inertial moment of the projectile is introduced, together with taking the attitude deflection during the shear plugging sub-stage into account, and the shape of the plug formed on the rear surface of target is also re-investigated. Moreover, a new classification of concrete targets is proposed based on the target thickness, with which the attitude deflections in different kinds of concrete targets are analyzed. It is found that the numerical results by using the new perforation model are in good agreement with the previous experimental data and simulated results. Furthermore, the variations of the attitude deflection with the initial conditions (the initial attitude angle and the initial impact velocity) are investigated.     

片上网络中一种单周期2GHz无缓冲路由器

近年来,无缓冲路由器由于不需要缓冲器而成为片上网络低开销的解决方案。为了提高无缓冲路由器的性能,提出一种单周期高性能无缓冲片上网络路由器。该路由器使用一个简单的置换网络替换串行化的交换分配器与交叉开关以实现高性能。虚通道路由器与基准无缓冲路由器相比,该路由器在TSMC65nm工艺下可以以较小的面积开销达到2GHz的时钟频率。在合成通信负载与真实应用负载下的模拟结果表明,该路由器的包平均延迟远小于虚通道路由器和其他无缓冲路由器。     

频率选择表面研究与设计

对频率选择表面进行了研究,通过研究不同结构的频率选择表面,在现有介质材料的基础上设计了一种具有带通特性的频率选择表面,并用Ansoft HFSS进行了仿真设计.在20％带宽内实现了垂直照射传输损耗小于-2 dB,并研究了电磁波在不同入射角度下的传输特性.     

浅谈高层建筑竖向疏散通道防排烟问题

烟气毒害是阻碍人员疏散和实施救援行动、致使人员伤亡的主要原因之一,因此,做好高层建筑的防排烟设计,提高防排烟系统的实际效用,有着极其重要的意义。分析了高层建筑防排烟设计的重要性,并以竖向疏散通道防排烟系统设置为例,介绍了高层建筑防排烟设计工作中存在的问题以及相应的改善策略。     

某越野火箭炮行驶垂向动态特性研究

以某型高机动越野火箭炮为研究对象,基于随机路面激励,应用多刚体系统动力学和柔性多体动力学的理论,建立该越野火箭炮刚柔耦合模型,研究其行驶垂向动力学特性。考虑了油气弹簧的非线性特性以及轮胎的作用,重点编写了B、C、D级路面的随机路面谱,进行不同车速下的行驶动力学仿真。结果表明,非线性的油气悬架系统能较好地减轻路面的垂向冲击。仿真得到的车炮动态响应特性曲线,为该高机动火箭炮的研制提供了有用的参考。     

粒子束空间传输影响因素及应对方法

全面分析了初始束流分布、发散度、能散度以及地磁场对粒子束空间传输的影响情况,并针对束流长距离传输的静电扩散和地磁偏转效应进行了数值建模及定量的数值仿真研究。结果表明,对于固定束流能量、流强粒子束,可通过增大初始半径削弱粒子束静电扩散效应达到设计要求;通过背景磁场精确预测,可准确控制束流方向精度。可以看出,研究带电粒子束本身的自洽行为以及与外场的作用,对带电粒子束流的产生、传输特性研究及工程化应用都有重要意义。     

细长压杆临界载荷的图乘法近似求解

从细长压杆的挠曲线方程出发,采用图乘法,近似计算了两种不同支承细长压杆的临界载荷,并将其结果与欧拉法的精确解作了比较。     

垂直刚性面边界条件下水下爆炸气泡运动的理论研究

为研究垂直边界面对水下爆炸气泡脉动的影响,根据势流理论建立了垂直边界面条件下水下爆炸气泡运动的理论模型,编制计算程序进行求解。对水下爆炸气泡脉动运动的特点、流场的速度及压力的分布、气泡引起的载荷形式进行了分析,结果表明,此模型能够反映水下爆炸气泡和周围流体介质的运动规律,并能进行定量的计算。     

便携式防空导弹舵面偏转运动对比研究

建立了便携式防空导弹舵面偏转运动的数学模型,包括正弦偏转运动、不带零位脉冲调宽偏转运动和带零位脉冲调宽偏转运动,推导了相应的等效舵偏角矢量的公式,对比了3种舵面偏转运动对导弹性能的影响,所得结果对导弹设计中舵机的选取有参考价值。