浅议提高“一线指挥部”的职能水平

“一线指挥部”在促进基层全面建设过程中发挥着重要作用。提高“一线指挥部”的职能水平，应当加强“一线指挥部”领导机关建设，增强其指导基层工作的科学性，充分调动各方面积极性，充分发挥基层两个群众性组织的参谋助手作用。     

无人机模拟训练系统的半实物仿真设计

无人机模拟训练系统用于进行无人机飞行前地面调试及飞行中操纵监控的模拟.以数学模型、实物模型、仿真计算机、仿真软件和其他辅助设备等为一体,构建半实物仿真无人机训练系统.阐述了基于半实物仿真技术的无人机模拟训练系统的功能和结构,具体说明了系统的仿真模块算法、设计及关键技术的实现途径.     

土质隧洞围岩稳定性分析与设计计算方法探讨

论述了以洞周位移量与围岩塑性区大小作为围岩稳定性经验判据的不足，依靠模型试验与力学计算，分析了隧洞破坏机理与形式。由此提出将基于有限元强度折减法求出的围岩安全系数作为稳定分析判据，这种判据有严格的力学依据，有统一的标准，而且不受其他因素的影响。研究了隧洞围岩安全系数（剪切安全系数、拉裂安全系数）与衬砌安全系数的算法以及隧洞设计计算方法。最后以黄土洞室为例，给出了土体隧洞设计计算新方法，并对土体隧洞今后的研究方向提出了几点展望。     

一种基于压缩Fisher向量的目标检索方法

当前,视觉词典法(Bo VW,Bag of Visual Words)是解决目标检索问题的主要方法,但传统的Bo VW方法具有词典生成时间效率低、检索内存消耗大等问题。针对这些问题,提出了基于压缩Fisher向量的目标检索方法,该方法首先将Fisher核机制用于目标检索,它能自动降低目标图像背景带来的不利影响,然后,采用位置敏感哈希(LSH,Locality Sensitive Hashing)对Fisher向量进行压缩编码以降低计算复杂度和内存开销,使之适用于大规模数据库。实验结果表明,新方法只用几百比特就能表征一幅图像内容,对大规模目标检索有很好的适用性,且较之当前主流的压缩视觉词典法具有更高的准确率。     

基于可视化交互的国动指挥所设计

国防动员的指挥控制中大量的信息数据(如部队需求、地方资源)和错综复杂的多方关系,使得指挥员难以在短时间内从浩如烟海的信息中提取有用的决策信息和作出快速准确地指挥协调。为此,着眼未来指挥所的发展趋势,提出基于可视化交互的国动指挥所设计方法:通过分析国动指挥任务的关键路径,提取重要的决策信息,利用可视化交互技术,实现对国动任务的信息化指挥控制。以某部演习的国防动员指挥为例,验证了方法的可行性和有效性。     

“It would be impossible to estimate the value of these works...” Mass Production at Springfield Armory during the American Civil War

The U.S. Armory in Springfield, Massachusetts, rarely appears in Civil War histories except perhaps as an unexplained statistical wonder. By late 1863, the Armory was the largest single supplier of rifles to Union forces. Springfield Armory workers out-produced over thirty American contractors, making more Army rifles at less cost while providing contractors with gauges, inspectors, and models, even though there were significant wartime private-sector mechanical innovations. This article identifies and explains the factors in the Armory’s success, provides context on contemporary American arms production and rifle models, and argues that the Armory’s methods and performance were among the first if not the first example of mass production in American small arms manufacture. The relative brevity of the Civil War episode, and the fact that it was not repeated in any comparable way at the Armory until World War II, has obscured its significance in American manufacturing history.     

Single‐commodity stochastic network design under demand and topological uncertainties with insufficient data

Stochastic network design is fundamental to transportation and logistic problems in practice, yet faces new modeling and computational challenges resulted from heterogeneous sources of uncertainties and their unknown distributions given limited data. In this article, we design arcs in a network to optimize the cost of single‐commodity flows under random demand and arc disruptions. We minimize the network design cost plus cost associated with network performance under uncertainty evaluated by two schemes. The first scheme restricts demand and arc capacities in budgeted uncertainty sets and minimizes the worst‐case cost of supply generation and network flows for any possible realizations. The second scheme generates a finite set of samples from statistical information (e.g., moments) of data and minimizes the expected cost of supplies and flows, for which we bound the worst‐case cost using budgeted uncertainty sets. We develop cutting‐plane algorithms for solving the mixed‐integer nonlinear programming reformulations of the problem under the two schemes. We compare the computational efficacy of different approaches and analyze the results by testing diverse instances of random and real‐world networks. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 154–173, 2017     

An exact network flow formulation for cell‐based evacuation in urban areas

In the literature two common macroscopic evacuation planning approaches exist: The dynamic network flow approach and the Cell–Transmission–Based approach. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages. Many efficient solution approaches for the dynamic network flow approach exist so that realistic problem instances can be considered. However, the consideration of (more) realistic aspects (eg, density dependent travel times) results in non‐linear model formulations. The Cell‐Transmission‐Based approach on the other hand considers realistic traffic phenomena like shock waves and traffic congestion, but this approach leads to long computational times for realistic problem instances. In this article, we combine the advantages of both approaches: We consider a Cell‐Transmission‐Based Evacuation Planning Model (CTEPM) and present a network flow formulation that is equivalent to the cell‐based model. Thus, the computational costs of the CTEPM are enormously reduced due to the reformulation and the detailed representation of the traffic flow dynamics is maintained. We investigate the impacts of various evacuation scenario parameters on the evacuation performance and on the computational times in a computational study including 90 realistic instances.     

多民族地区受教育程度、国家通用语言能力对劳动者收入的影响分析——基于中介效应视角分析

研究基于中国综合社会调查2010年及2017年的微观数据,运用中介模型对七个多民族地区劳动者国家通用语言能力在受教育程度对其收入影响中的中介效应进行分析。得出在受教育程度对个体收入的正向影响中,国家通用语言能力起到部分中介作用,对劳动者收入有明显促进作用,且随着多民族地区经济发展以及推普工作的开展,国家通用语言能力对个体收入的正向影响力有所减弱,受教育程度对个体收入的正向影响力有所增强。因此应注重通过提升劳动者国家通用语言能力促进多民族地区经济发展,持续重视国家通用语言能力在多民族地区劳动者就业能力中的基础性作用以及为其带来的经济收益。     

科学管理、精益管理与精确作战工程保障研究

设计是作战行动筹划的重要步骤,精确工程保障需要对工程保障行动进行精密的设计和精确管理与控制。科学管理采用科学实验的方法,通过劳动方法标准化和差别计件工资制度,有效提高了工作效率,其基本原理经过百余年的实际检验,被证明是一个成熟有效的管理方法。借鉴科学管理理论,需要对工程保障行动进行动作研究,进而研究工程保障行动的作业标准,以期提高其保障效率。精益管理是在科学管理在新的历史时期的发展与改进,它使用了准时制、零库存、均衡生产、持续改进等先进的管理理念和六西格玛管理、成组技术等先进技术,为基于信息系统体系作战的工程保障能力生成提供了有益的借鉴,可加深我们对精确工程保障的理解,促进精确工程保障研究的可操作性。