Parallel machine scheduling with eligibility constraints: A composite dispatching rule to minimize total weighted tardiness

We study a parallel machine scheduling problem, where a job j can only be processed on a specific subset of machines M_j, and the M_j subsets of the n jobs are nested. We develop a two‐phase heuristic for minimizing the total weighted tardiness subject to the machine eligibility constraints. In the first phase, we compute the factors and statistics that characterize a problem instance. In the second phase, we propose a new composite dispatching rule, the Apparent Tardiness Cost with Flexibility considerations (ATCF) rule, which is governed by several scaling parameters of which the values are determined by the factors obtained in the first phase. The ATCF rule is a generalization of the well‐known ATC rule which is very widely used in practice. We further discuss how to improve the dispatching rule using some simple but powerful properties without requiring additional computation time, and the improvement is quite satisfactory. We apply the Sequential Uniform Design Method to design our experiments and conduct an extensive computational study, and we perform tests on the performance of the ATCF rule using a real data set from a large hospital in China. We further compare its performance with that of the classical ATC rule. We also compare the schedules improved by the ATCF rule with what we believe are Near Optimal schedules generated by a general search procedure. The computational results show that especially with a low due date tightness, the ATCF rule performs significantly better than the well‐known ATC rule generating much improved schedules that are close to the Near Optimal schedules. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 249–267, 2017     

基于改进支持向量回归机的火炮身管寿命预测

为准确预测火炮身管寿命终止时火炮射弹数,根据射击过程中火炮身管磨损量与身管寿命特性,分析了身管膛线起始部磨损量与身管射弹数之间的关系,提出了支持向量回归机算法,并采用遗传算法进行模型优化改进,得到火炮身管寿命预测最优模型。结合两种类型火炮的身管数据,利用该模型对身管寿命进行预测,并与原始支持向量回归机进行对比,通过分析可知改进的支持向量回归机预测效果好、精度高,为火炮在实际应用中身管的寿命预测提供了新的思路。     

基于广义回归神经网络的单位运营状况分类

单位的运营状况会直接影响股东和广大人民的利益,针对运营状况可以使用广义回归神经网络进行分类。由于广义回归神经网络中径向基函数的扩展参数Spread的选取会导致分类的准确率,提出了一种果蝇优化算法优化参数Spread的分类模型。充分利用了果蝇优化算法的寻优能力,将优化后的参数代入到广义回归神经网络中对单位的财务数据进行运营状况的分类。结果表明,与广义回归神经网络做比较,优化后的网络模型对数据的分类可以达到很高的准确率,在相关领域的分类上有非常大的实用性。     

航天器转动惯量参数在轨辨识的最优激励

根据矩阵分析理论研究了转动惯量参数的可辨识性问题,从姿态动力学方程导出关于未知参数的线性回归模型,将回归矩阵的条件数作为参数可辨识度的定量指标,以可辨识度最大为目标函数建立最优控制模型;应用解最优控制问题的伪谱法,计算控制力矩陀螺的指令轨线,使得惯量参数的辨识精度和收敛速度显著提高;在仿真中采用双无迹卡尔曼滤波算法进行参数辨识,结果验证了所提出的最优激励设计方法可以改善参数辨识性能,同时该方法对先验信息误差具有鲁棒性。     

面向监督学习的稀疏平滑岭回归方法

岭回归是监督学习中的一个重要方法,被广泛用于多目标分类和识别。岭回归中一个重要的步骤是定义一个特殊的多变量标签矩阵,以实现对多类别样本的编码。通过将岭回归看作是一种基于图的监督学习方法,拓展了标签矩阵的构造方法。在岭回归的基础之上,进一步考虑投影中维度的平滑性和投影矩阵的稀疏性,提出稀疏平滑岭回归方法。对比一系列经典的监督线性分类算法,发现稀疏平滑岭回归在多个数据集上有着更好的表现。另外,实验表明新的标签矩阵构造方法不会降低原始岭回归方法的表现,同时还可以进一步提升稀疏平滑岭回归方法的性能。     

Stochastic scheduling subject to machine breakdowns: The preemptive‐repeat model with discounted reward and other criteria

We consider the problem of scheduling a set of jobs on a single machine subject to random breakdowns. We focus on the preemptive‐repeat model, which addresses the situation where, if a machine breaks down during the processing of a job, the work done on the job prior to the breakdown is lost and the job will have to be started from the beginning again when the machine resumes its work. We allow that (i) the uptimes and downtimes of the machine follow general probability distributions, (ii) the breakdown process of the machine depends upon the job being processed, (iii) the processing times of the jobs are random variables following arbitrary distributions, and (iv) after a breakdown, the processing time of a job may either remain a same but unknown amount, or be resampled according to its probability distribution. We first derive the optimal policy for a class of problems under the criterion to maximize the expected discounted reward earned from completing all jobs. The result is then applied to further obtain the optimal policies for other due date‐related criteria. We also discuss a method to compute the moments and probability distributions of job completion times by using their Laplace transforms, which can convert a general stochastic scheduling problem to its deterministic equivalent. The weighted squared flowtime problem and the maintenance checkup and repair problem are analyzed as applications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

基于逐步回归法的潜艇高空磁场仿真

应用目前磁场换算中较多使用的磁荷模拟法对潜艇高空磁场进行了仿真,为了尽量减少磁荷的位置及大小受人为经验的影响,且提高换算精度,采用逐步回归法对各模拟磁荷的磁矩进行筛选,最后对潜艇高空磁场进行了计算机仿真.仿真结果表明,该方法精度比较高,而且模型的稳定性好,对实际防空中磁探具有重要的意义.     

脉冲末修弹落点预测导引方法研究

在分析剩余射程影响因素的基础上,以弹道特征参数弹道高y及速度矢量分量Vx和Vy为解释变量,以回归分析方法为数学工具,建立脉冲末修弹剩余射程预测模型。以目标点与弹丸预测落点之间的差值为广义弹道偏差,结合数值仿真,对落点预测导引进行深入研究,验证了回归分析模型的可行性。     

装备战场损伤的解析分析方法研究

为了提高装备战损模拟的效率,以蒙特卡洛方法为基础,构建了关于装备战损的解析模型。首先采用序贯法优化了仿真次数,以便以较少的仿真次数获得较高的仿真精度;分析了单因素对于装备损伤的影响,并建立了一元回归模型;采用正交试验分析了多因素之间的交互作用,并综合一元回归模型得出了装备战损的多元回归模型;最后结合弹着点分布模型与多元回归模型,建立了装备战损的解析模型,并通过实例验证了解析模型的正确性。     

Comparison between constant‐stress and step‐stress accelerated life tests under Time Constraint

By running life tests at higher stress levels than normal operating conditions, accelerated life testing (ALT) quickly yields information on the lifetime distribution of a test unit. The lifetime at the design stress is then estimated through extrapolation using a regression model. In constant‐stress testing, a unit is tested at a fixed stress level until failure or the termination time point of test, whereas step‐stress testing allows the experimenter to gradually increase the stress levels at some prefixed time points during the test. In this work, the optimal k‐level constant‐stress and step‐stress ALTs are compared for the exponential failure data under complete sampling and Type‐I censoring. The objective is to quantify the advantage of using the step‐stress testing relative to the constant‐stress one. Assuming a log‐linear life–stress relationship with the cumulative exposure model for the effect of changing stress in step‐stress testing, the optimal design points are determined under C/D/A‐optimality criteria. The efficiency of step‐stress testing to constant‐stress one is then discussed in terms of the ratio of optimal objective functions based on the information matrix. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 00: 000–000, 2013