用LIIF法测量DF/HF化学激光器喷管混合性能的数值分析

激光诱导碘荧光(LIIF)是一种很好的流场测量技术,为了验证该方法测量化学激光器流场混合性能的精度,模拟得到连续波DF HF化学激光器的HYLTE喷管冷流场,并计算了用氦碘混合气体作为氧化剂流、用氦气作为燃料流的HYLTE喷管的流场。通过比较前一流场中的氟原子和后一流场中的碘分子的摩尔百分比分布情况得知,当作为氧化剂流的氦碘混合物中碘的质量百分比在54%左右时,用LIIF法测量DF HF化学激光器喷管的混合情况具有较高的精度。     

发展中的高超声速武器及其战略意义

速度是武器系统的一项重要指标,高超声速武器技术是武器技术发展中的一个重要里程碑,是自隐身技术问世以来在军事技术方面最重要的进展。高超声速武器将成为未来空天力量对抗中至关重要的武器,对于未来战争的作战模式、作战过程及战争结局将产生重大影响。目前,军事大国和一些发达国家都已制定了一系列高超声速武器发展计划,研究与试验工作也取得了重大进展。     

美军针对高超声速武器的反导预警能力发展态势分析

高超声速武器具有飞行速度快、精确毁伤和高效突防等特点,具有重要的战略威慑和实战应用价值,它能够大幅改变未来战争的态势,已成为大国打破战略平衡、打赢未来战争的新型“杀手锏”。随着高超声速武器逐步走向战场,世界各主要国家的反导防御体系将向更高预警维度、更快反应速度和更大打击力度的天地一体联合防御方向发展。本文分析了高超声速武器作战优势及其对未来战争的影响和威胁,阐述了美军现有反导预警能力的基本架构与能力缺陷,对其未来反高超声速武器的预警能力建设及发展态势进行了研判与预测。美军“优先发展天基反导作战体系,发挥低轨卫星主体作用”的反高超声速武器发展思路对于军队反导反高超声速武器能力建设具有一定的启示和借鉴作用。     

高超声速飞行器巡航段多约束制导方法

针对高超声速飞行器巡航段飞行,建立了等高等速飞行的平衡条件,并对飞行器能否满足平衡条件开展分析。基于平衡条件提出了一种能够满足飞行过程中多约束条件以及终端航向角约束的制导方法,推导得到了满足多约束条件的最优制导律。该方法所有制导指令均采用解析公式实时获得,具有较强适应性。在各种偏差条件下对方法进行了仿真,仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。     

Hypersonic impact flash characteristics of a long-rod projectile collision with a thin plate target

Impact flash occurs when objects collide at supersonic speeds and can be used for real-time damage assessment when weapons rely on kinetic energy to destroy targets.However,the mechanism of impact flash remains unclear.A series of impact flash experiments of flat-head long-rod projectiles impacting thin target plates were performed with a two-stage light gas gun.The impact flash spectra for 6061 aluminum at 1.3-3.2 km/s collision speeds were recorded with a high-speed camera,a photoelectric sensor,and a time-resolved spectrometer.The intensity of the impact flash exhibited a pulse charac-teristic with time.The intensity(I)increased with impact velocity(V0)according to I∝Vn0,where n = 4.41 for V0 ＞ 2 km/s.However,for V0 ＜ 2 km/s,n = 2.21,and the intense flash duration is an order of magnitude less than that of higher V0.When V0 ＞ 2 km/s,a continuous spectrum(thermal radiation background)was observed and increased in intensity with V0.However,for V0 ＜ 2 km/s,only atomic line spectra were detected.There was no aluminum spectral lines for V0 ＜ 2 km/s,which indicated that it had not been vaporized.The initial intense flash was emission from excited and ionized ambient gases near the impact surface,and had little relationship with shock temperature rise,indicating a new mechanism of impact flash.     

基于边界交叉法的高超声速滑翔飞行器多目标轨迹优化研究

针对高超声速滑翔飞行器复杂约束条件下多目标轨迹设计问题，基于边界交叉法和伪谱法提出了其多目标轨迹优化方法。首先，分析了高超声速滑翔飞行器复杂约束轨迹优化问题的特点，提出了多目标轨迹优化问题。然后，采用边界交叉法和伪谱法将多目标轨迹优化问题转化为一组单目标优化子问题，利用非线性规划算法分别求解。在优化过程中，将已求解子问题的解作为下一个子问题的初始值。利用上述方法求解了最大横程和最小峰值热流轨迹优化问题，仿真结果表明：本文方法能够有效搜索到优化轨迹的Pareto前沿，可以为高超声速滑翔飞行器轨迹设计提供参考。     

稀薄流高超声速飞行器气动加热耦合计算

针对稀薄流域高超声速飞行器的气动加热问题,开展耦合数值计算研究。通过引入牛顿冷却定律,将直接模拟蒙特卡洛数值模拟方法与结构传热计算方法相结合,设计一种可对全机外形进行气动热和结构传热计算的高效松耦合方法,实现飞行器防热层结构材料温度分布特性的数值模拟。在以钝锥外形为例对直接模拟蒙特卡洛数值模拟程序进行验证的基础上,采用该方法对X37B轨道飞行器外形长时加热与结构传热过程进行数值模拟,给出结构温度及热流密度随飞行时间的变化规律。研究结果表明,设计的耦合计算方法能够模拟稀薄流域高超声速飞行器的气动加热及结构传热耦合过程,可为该类飞行器的气动热分析及热防护设计提供技术支持。     

Aerodynamics analysis of a hypersonic electromagnetic gun launched projectile

A hypersonic aerodynamics analysis of an electromagnetic gun (EM gun) launched projectile configuration is undertaken in order to ameliorate the basic aerodynamic characteristics in comparison with the regular projectile layout. Static margin and pendulum motion analysis models have been applied to evaluate the flight stability of a new airframe configuration. With a steady state computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, the basic density, pressure and velocity contours of the EM gun projectile flow field at Mach number 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0 (angle of attack = 0°) have been analyzed. Furthermore, the static margin values are enhanced dramatically for the EM gun projectile with configuration optimization. Drag, lift and pitch property variations are all illustrated with the changes of Mach number and angle of attack. A particle ballistic calculation was completed for the pendulum analysis. The results show that the configuration optimized projectile, launched from the EM gun at Mach number 5.0 to 7.0, acts in a much more stable way than the projectiles with regular aerodynamic layout.