高速/超高速碰撞效应研究

高速/超高速碰撞会产生大量破片,并伴随闪光、等离子体等现象.高速碰撞材料受冲击产生射流及破片高温会引起碰撞闪光现象,获得了碰撞等离子体电磁场强度的变化规律.采用数值仿真与理论分析相结合的方法,获得了高速碰撞破片云团分布规律.     

Noise and vibration measurements in a Viking military vehicle

Noise and whole-body vibration measurements were made in a Viking military vehicle to determine the variation that should be expected during repeat measures, the effect of speed (up to 60 km/h in 5 km/h increments), and during travel over different types of terrain (comprising concrete road, gravel track and rough cross-country). Measurements were made at various crew positions (including the driver and commander) in both the front and the rear cabs in the vehicles. Three translational axes of vibration were measured in each seat. Two speeds were investigated over road (35 km/h and 55–60 km/h) and gravel (20 km/h and 35 km/h) surfaces. The effect of varying speed of the vehicle on the measured noise and vibration magnitudes was also investigated. The highest sound pressure level (L_Aeq) of 104 dB(A) was measured at the commander’s standing position during travel over concrete road at 55 km/h. Higher noise levels occurred for a standing commander compared with when sitting on the seat. A maximum single axis frequency-weighted vibration magnitude of 1.0 m/s² r.m.s. was measured on the driver’s seat during travel over track at 35 km/h. Higher vibration magnitudes occurred during travel over track compared with travel over road. Both noise and vibration exposure of crew within the Viking vehicle increased with increasing speed of the vehicle.     

易燃液体三元混合物闪点自燃点实验研究

利用自动低温闭口闪点测定仪、自动引燃温度测定仪对醇、酮、酯等不同情况下组成的三元混合液体的闪点、自燃点变化规律进行了实验研究，采用Taylor多项式，拟合出了三元混合液体闪点、自燃点随组分配比变化的经验计算公式，并通过实验数据对其进行了验证。     

齿轮啮合温升模型建立及仿真研究

借助动力学仿真软件ADAMS,建立了齿轮啮合传动仿真模型。提出了一种计算高速齿轮传动轮齿瞬现温升的方法,基于齿轮啮合原理和M atlab计算软件平台,建立了轮齿瞬现温升计算模型。实现了完整齿面各啮合点切向速度、摩擦系数、接触带半宽和法向载荷等参数的计算。运用B lock接触温度准则,得出齿轮各啮合点瞬现温升及接触温度变化的仿真分析结果,为齿轮传动结构的合理优化设计提供科学依据。     

微量闪点自动快速测定仪的研制

闪点是表征石油产品火灾危险性的安全指标.常规闪点测定法存在对操作者专业技能要求高,劳动强度大,无法进行连续不间断测定的缺点,影响了测定,结果的准确度和实验效率.将高压电弧、压力传感等现代分析检测技术引入石油产品闪点测定,研制了一台微量闪点自动快速测定仪.实验表明,微量闪点自动快速测定仪操作简单,试样量仅1 mL,减少了...     

Investigation of normal,lateral, and oblique impact of microscale projectiles into unidirectional glass/epoxy composites

Spacesuits and spacecraft must endure high velocity impacts from micrometeoroids. This work considers the impact of 100 μm diameter projectiles into composite targets at velocities from 0.5 km/s to 2 km/s. This work begins by presenting an energy-based theoretical model relating depth of penetration (DoP) and impact force to impact velocity, characteristic time, and threshold velocity and force. Next, this work compares numerical simulations of normal impact on composites to the theoretical model. Numerical simulations are conducted with LS-DYNA and the well-known composite model, MAT-162. The numerical models consider unidirectional S2-glass fiber reinforced SC-15 epoxy composite laminates. The numerical model shows good correlation with the theoretical model. The numerical model also investigates lateral impact, parallel to the fiber direction, and oblique impact at angles from 30° to 82.5°. This work decomposes oblique impact into normal and lateral components, and compares them with normal and lateral impact results. The results show good correlation of the normal component of oblique results with the theoretical model. This numerical and theoretical study focuses on DoP, velocity, and penetration resistance force as functions of time. The theoretical model and numerical simulations are used to determine new DoP parameters: characteristic time of depth of penetration and threshold impact velocity. These models are a first step in developing the capability to predict DoP for oblique, microscale, high-speed impact on composite materials.     

填充式波纹夹层结构超高速撞击特性仿真

基于航天器空间碎片被动防护需求,对一种新型填充式波纹夹层结构进行超高速撞击仿真研究,分析超高速撞击过程以及结构的穿孔破坏情况和所形成的碎片云的特性,并与相同面密度Whipple结构进行对比。其撞击现象与Whipple结构相似,但其碎片云的头部速度小于Whipple结构,而径向膨胀最大速度和膨胀半角均大于Whipple结构。随撞击初速从3 km/s~10 km/s不断增大,波纹夹层结构的撞击穿孔尺寸变大,形状也更不规则。此外,结构中的填充树脂对碎片撞击能量的吸收贡献最大,后面板所吸收的能量所占比重较大,而前面板和波纹板对碎片撞击能量的吸收贡献较小。研究结果对空间碎片防护结构的设计具有一定的参考意义。     

转速对动态旋流器流场影响的数值分析

根据计算流体力学方法,对采用不同转速的动态旋流器流场进行数值模拟,深入分析了转速对动态旋流器切向速度、静压以及湍动能的影响。计算采用雷诺应力模型和混合物模型。结果表明:转速对动态旋流器切向速度和静压影响非常大,不但影响其数值大小,对其分布趋势也产生明显影响;转速对动态旋流器湍动能的影响主要集中在旋转栅附近,在转筒后半段转速对湍动能的影响明显弱化,适当提高转速甚至有抑制湍流的作用。     

Investigation on the spatial distribution characteristics of behind-armor debris formed by the perforation of EFP through steel target

The behind-armor debris (BAD) formed by the perforation of an EFP is the main damage factor for the secondary destruction to the behind-armor components. Aiming at investigating the BAD caused by EFP, flash X-ray radiography combined with an experimental witness plate test method was used, and the FEM-SPH adaptive conversion algorithm in LS-DYNA software was employed to model the perforation process. The simulation results of the debris cloud shape and number of debris were in good agreement with the flash X-ray radiographs and perforated holes on the witness plate, respectively. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of EFP's penetration under various impact conditions were conducted. The results show that, an ellipsoidal debris cloud, with the major-to-minor axis radio (a/b) smaller than that caused by shaped charge jets, was formed behind the target. With the increase of target thickness (h) and decrease of impact velocity (v₀) and obliquity (θ), the value of a/b decreases. The number of debris ejected from target is significantly higher than that from EFP. Based on the statistical analysis of the spatial distribution of the BAD, An engineering calculation model was established considering the influence of h, v₀ and θ. The model can with reasonable accuracy predict the quantity and velocity distribution characteristics of BAD formed by EFP.     

Preparation of reduced sensitivity co-crystals of cyclic nitramines using spray flash evaporation

The present day weapon technology demands novel energetic materials that exhibit simultaneous high explosive yield and reduced sensitivity. This article demonstrates application of spray evaporation to prepare reduced sensitive co-crystals of high performance nitramine explosives like HMX and CL-20 with a relatively less insensitive explosive 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene or FOX-7. Stronger intermolecular hydrogen bonding in FOX-7 is responsible for limited solubility in most of organic solvents. Large solubility differences of FOX-7 with HMX and CL-20 restricts it's co-crystallization through classical methods that yields thermodynamically favorable product. Spray flash evaporation, a kinetic crystallization method, has been therefore adopted and could successfully produce CL-20/FOX-7 (2:1) and HMX/FOX-7 (4:1) co-crystals. The fine powdered materials obtained were characterized by SEM, powder XRD, Raman spectroscopy, DSC-TGA etc. Multipoint Raman spectra showed consistent occurrence of spectral features indicating stoichiometric co-existence of ingredients in the crystal lattices. DSC analysis showed absence of all thermally assisted solid-solid phase transformation in the co-crystals as they were observed in pristine materials. The thermal stability calculated in terms of activation barrier for decomposition, revealed the CL-20/FOX-7 co-crystal to be intermediately stable on comparison to their constituents while, the HMX/FOX-7 co-crystal is more stable. Compared to pure HMX and CL-20, both the co-crystals have shown higher insensitivity to impact force, suggesting them to be suitable for future generation insensitive munitions.     

新型F1ash单片机智能温控系统设计

采用新型的Flash单片机、信号采集电路与温控电路等构成一个对固体火箭发动机温控系统 ,满足其固体火药的初始温度设计要求。     

用闪光摄影法对轴针式喷嘴喷雾的研究及其数学模型修正

利用自行设计的静态高压模拟燃烧室,采用闪光摄影技术,对12V180CaD—2柴油机轴针式喷油器的喷雾发展进行了实验研究,并根据实验结果对轴针式喷油器喷雾贯穿长度的计算公式进行了校核和修正。     

Can Torture Be Justified?

Torture requires careful definition, because of the degree to which its definition often entails its moral condemnation. Torture involves the deliberate infliction of (intense) pain for coercive or punishment reasons. While emphasizing that the act of torture is indeed naturally seen as repulsive and ideally should not take place, I offer a non-utilitarian argument to ethically justify torture in specific kinds of interrogative cases. This argument closely examines the moral isomorphism between cases of immediate and delayed self-defense, showing that in both cases lethal force is justified. I further show that, once one’s life is forfeit, one’s other rights pertaining to the defense of one’s intended victims are likewise forfeit. As such, any form of interrogative torture necessary to procuring relevant information from persons involved in a lethal attack upon innocent persons is ethically justified. However, that an action is strictly ethically justified does not entail that it ought to be generally adopted. Several potent constitutional and sociological concerns are raised and considered.     

稀土(R)-铁金属间化合物中的磁相互作用

利用两格点分子场论(MFT),比较了R_nFe_m(n/m=1/3,6/23)和R_nFe_mM_k(M:类金属或其他金属;n/m/k=2/14/1;1/10/2)(即RFe_3,R_6Fe_(23),RFe_(10)V_2,RFe_(10)Mo_2,RF_(10)V_2N_x)两类化合物分子间的磁耦合系数;给出了Fe—Fe、R—R和R—Fe相互作用对居里温度的不同贡献。     

Gabor框架的稳定性研究

对于Hilbert空间中的Gabor框架,定义A=inf x∈[0,a][∑n∈Z｜f（x-na）｜^2-∑k≠0｜∑n∈Zf（x-na）f^-（x-na-k/b｜]〉0,B=supx∈[0,a]∑n∈Z｜∑n∈Zf（x-naf^-（x-na-k/b）｜〈∞,通过算子放缩证明的方法,可知{Mb^mSa^nf}m,n∈Z构成L^2（R）的框架,且框架界为A/b,B/b.     

聚合物表面静电性能的离子束改性

用150Kev的Ar~-离于在中等剂量F辐照特种聚氯乙烯(RPVC)和有机玻璃(PMMA),能使材料表层静电特性得到显著改变。在相同条件下,摩擦起电量从1.24nc/cm~2下降到0.02nc/cm~2以下,起电电位从800～1000V下降到0～50V,静电半衰期从数小时降到1秒以下,表面电阻率下降四个数量级以上。适当选择注入条件,能够产生具有抗静电特性的新材料。本文讨论了改性机理和测试问题。     

The 22 September 1979 Vela Incident: The Detected Double-Flash

On 22 September 1979 two optical sensors on U.S. satellite Vela 6911 detected a double-flash of light that appeared characteristic of an atmospheric nuclear explosion conducted over the southern Atlantic or Indian Ocean. It became known as the Vela Incident, Event 747, or Alert 747. An anomaly between the amplitude of the two signals during the second pulse led a U.S. government expert panel established to assess the event to conclude in mid-1980 that a more likely explanation was the impact of a small meteoroid on the satellite, the debris from which reflected sunlight into the sensors' field of view. No model was presented to support the contention, and a similar anomaly—known as background modulation—was a given for the second pulse of all confirmed explosions detected by Vela, though beginning later. Nonetheless, this event has remained the subject of intense debate. This article reviews the evidence and presents an updated analysis of the original Vela signal based on recently declassified literature and on modern knowledge of interplanetary dust and hyper velocity impact. Given the geometry of the satellite, and that the bulk of the surface comprised solar panels, much of the debris from any collision would be carried away from the sensors' field of view. Thus, a meteoroid collision appears much less likely than previously assumed. The double flash is instead consistent with a nuclear explosion, albeit detected by an aged satellite for which background modulation was abnormal and/or commenced earlier, also seen in post-event SYSTEM tests. A companion paper to be published in 2018 presents radionuclide and hydroacoustic evidence supporting the conclusion that the Vela Incident was a nuclear weapon test explosion.     

钢管约束混凝土抗多发打击试验

为研究钢管约束混凝土抗多发打击性能,进行了12.7 mm穿甲弹多发打击钢管约束混凝土厚靶试验,得到靶的损伤模式和侵彻深度,并建立重复打击侵彻深度预测公式。结果表明:厚度为300 mm的小直径钢管约束混凝土靶能够有效防御3发12.7 mm穿甲弹的重复打击,第二、第三发较前一发侵彻深度的增幅分别小于20%和10%;重复打击侵彻深度预测公式与试验吻合较好。研究结果可为钢管约束混凝土防枪弹结构和遮弹层结构的研究提供参考。     

Numerical research on adverse effect of muzzle flow formed by muzzle brake considering secondary combustion

The simulation of the artillery interior and intermediate ballistics problem is performed to investigate the influence of a gas dynamics device, muzzle brake, on the muzzle hazard phenomena, such as flash and blast waves. The correlation of the chemical reactions with the characteristics of the muzzle flow field is analyzed by the simulation for a further understanding of the secondary combustion phenom-enon of the muzzle flow. The novel structure of muzzle flow caused by the muzzle brake is presented by the simultaneous solution of the interior ballistics model and multi-species Navier-Stokes equations in order to analyze the influence of the muzzle brake structure on the chemical reactions. The secondary combustion of the muzzle flow due to the oxygen-supplement chemical reactions is obtained by the chemical reaction kinetic model. The interaction of the blast waves released from the muzzle brake is illustrated in detail and the mechanism of the formation of muzzle flash is analyzed. This research provides a reference for the studies on the suppression of the muzzle flash.     

连续波对某数字电路的辐照效应实验研究

在GTEM室中用正弦连续波对某导弹装备上的1块数字控制电路进行电磁辐照,在30 V/m的场强下,引入的电磁骚扰还未导致被监测的与非门产生错误反转时,产生控制信号的自激多谐振荡器却受到了严重的电磁干扰。用计算机对此干扰进行仿真分析,并最后提出方波控制信号产生电路的电磁加固措施。