Insurgency and Violent Extremism in Pakistan

Pakistan has an uneven history of dealing with insurgencies and extremism. This article identifies the various campaigns and policies employed to defeat militants and deal with violent extremism. It describes the major anti-state groups and how Pakistan’s military and civilian leaders, relying on the related strategies of selectivity, gradualism and containment, have allowed militancy and terrorism to thrive. This article finds that while the elites and the public may have belatedly come to appreciate the existential internal threats these groups pose to the country, there are strong reasons to doubt the state’s full commitment to its promises to take meaningful action.     

One-step synthesis of FeO(OH) nanoparticles by electric explosion of iron wire underwater

In this study,we investigated electric explosion of iron wire in distilled water with different energy input adjusted by charging voltage.The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),showing the presence of iron and multiple iron-based compounds oxides with contents influenced by the experimental conditions.In particular,pure FeO(OH) nanoparticles were obtained using electric explosion of iron wire with energy input of 1125 J at charging voltage of 15 kV.Analysis of discharge current and resistive voltage data indicate that the high energy input induced by strong plasma discharge at high charging voltage is a key factor to form FeO(OH).This study presents a one-step method to synthesize FeO(OH) nanoparticles using electric explosion of iron wire.     

一类不确定时滞混沌系统的全局鲁棒自适应神经网络同步控制器设计

研究一类不确定时滞混沌系统的全局鲁棒自适应神经网络同步控制器设计,其系统中的不确定时滞项不是简单的线性有界条件,而是允许其存在高阶项,因此具有全局特性．在控制器的设计上;首先通过选取合适的径向基函数（RBF）神经网络的权向量去逼近时滞系统中的未知连续有界部分;然后在RBF神经网络输出的基础上,选用一个鲁棒自适应控制器来趋近时滞系统的不确定部分;同时,利用Lyapunov稳定性理论对混沌同步的条件给出了论证;最后,数据仿真的结果表明该方法的有效性．     

测量火焰中氢氧基分布的激光诱导荧光技术

使用平面激光诱导荧光(PLIF)技术测量了不同火焰的氢氧基分布图像,简述了测量原理,讨论了影响测量结果的主要因素,并将测量结果与自发辐射测量结果进行了比较。对PLIF技术在燃烧过程研究中的应用进行了尝试,证明该技术是燃烧分析的有力工具。     

基于RBF神经网络的导弹自动驾驶仪故障诊断

系统地分析了某型导弹自动驾驶仪的结构功能,在此基础上提出了采用RBF(径向基函数)神经网络对自动驾驶仪进行故障诊断的方法;提出了用Gauss(高斯)函数对获取的数据进行归一化处理的方法,再用处理后的数据训练RBF神经网络。实验结果表明,训练后的神经网络能快速、准确地诊断自动驾驶仪的故障,为自动驾驶仪的故障诊断提出了一种新的方法。     

利用OH发射谱进行的高温低浓度甲烷着火研究

采用激波管进行低浓度甲烷和空气混合气的着火实验,通过测量压力和OH发射光谱,得到不同工况下的着火延迟,并与甲烷的详细反应机理计算结果作比较。结果表明:不同浓度下甲烷着火延迟的对数与温度倒数呈线性关系,着火延迟随甲烷浓度的降低而减少;贫燃条件下,采用详细动力学机理计算的表观活化能与实验数据拟合较好。