溶胶—凝胶法合成氧化铝—氧化硅纳米粉

以AlCl3*6H2O和(CH2)6N4为原料,用溶胶-凝胶法合成出比表面积为189.6m2/g的γ相氧化铝粉,平均粒径约为9nm.以铝溶胶和硅溶胶为原料,用溶胶-凝胶法合成出反应活性高的Al2O3-SiO2复合粉体.该粉体在1300℃煅烧后转变为莫来石.     

溶胶—凝胶法制备SiO2气凝胶薄膜溶胶粘度的研究

用低介电常数介质薄膜代替传统的SiO2薄膜是减小ULSI中互连延迟、串扰和能耗的有效方法.SiO2气凝胶薄膜因具有低介电常数、低密度、高热稳定性等性能而成为ULSI中金属间介质的理想材料.以正硅酸乙酯为原料,采用酸/碱两步溶胶-凝胶法结合匀胶和超临界干燥等工艺在硅片上成功制备了SiO2气凝胶薄膜.研究了不同配比的SiO2溶胶粘度随时间的变化;确定了适于匀胶的溶胶的粘度范围为9～15mPa*s;发现溶胶粘度在9～15mPa*s的时间随溶剂异丙醇(IPA)用量的增加和NH4OH的减少而延长.     

常压干燥制备疏水SiO2气凝胶

以聚二乙氧基硅氧烷(PDEOS)为原料,用甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTES)对制得的醇凝胶进行表面改性,经乙醇和正己烷洗涤,在常压条件下干燥后得到疏水二氧化硅气凝胶.研究表明溶胶-凝胶体系中各组分的最佳配比为C2H5OH∶PDEOS∶HF∶H2O=20∶10∶3∶0.5(重量比);当MTES/ PDEOS(重量比)大于1.2时,经表面改性的疏水二氧化硅气凝胶与水的接触角大于110°,其密度和比表面积分别在125～160kg/m3和560～900m2/g范围.     

纤维增强SiO2气凝胶隔热复合材料的制备及其性能

将无机陶瓷纤维与SiO2溶胶混合,经超临界干燥制备了SiO2气凝胶隔热复合材料。SiO2气凝胶纤细的骨架颗粒减少了固态热传导,纳米级孔减少了气体热传导和对流传热,同时无机陶瓷纤维减少了辐射传热。SiO2气凝胶复合材料具有良好的隔热性能,其200℃和800℃的热导率分别为0.017W/m.K和0.042W/m.K。纤维的加入提供了力学支撑,高温处理增强了气凝胶骨架强度,材料在常温和高温下均具有良好的力学性能,其常温的拉伸、弯曲和抗压强度分别为1.44MPa、1.31MPa和0.98MPa(10%应变),800℃的拉伸、弯曲和抗压强度分别为1.95MPa、1.80MPa和1.42MPa(10%应变)。     

金属/SiO2复合气凝胶催化剂对一氧化碳氧化的催化

采用溶胶－凝胶法和超临界干燥法制备了Ｃｕ／ＳｉＯ２ 和Ｃｏ／ＳｉＯ２ 气凝胶催化剂， 对其结构和形貌进行了ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ 和比表面分析， 并考察了其对ＣＯ氧化的催化性能。实验结果表明， 制得的Ｃｕ／ＳｉＯ２ 和Ｃｏ／ＳｉＯ２ 气凝胶催化剂均保留了气凝胶的纳米网络和高比表面积， 活性组份均匀地分散在纳米级二氧化硅气凝胶载体中， 对ＣＯ的氧化均表现出高的催化活性。     

氧化铝气凝胶复合材料的制备与隔热性能

以仲丁醇铝为先驱体,采用溶胶一凝胶工艺制备氧化铝溶胶,并将其与无机陶瓷纤维毡复合经超临界流体干燥得到氧化铝气凝胶隔热复合材料.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和氮气吸附等方法对样品微观结构进行分析,利用热平板法对材料的隔热性能进行测试,并分析了氧化铝气凝胶隔热复合材料隔热机理.研究表明:与氧化硅气凝胶相比,氧化铝气凝胶具有更好的耐高温性能,经1000℃热处理后仍然能够较好地保持其纳米多孔结构;将气凝胶与纤维复合后,充分发挥了氧化铝气凝胶优良的隔热特性,使得复合材料的隔热性能较纯纤维毡有了明显的改善,其热面温度1000℃时导热系数为0.0685 W/m·K.     

Effects of material of metallic frame on the penetration resistances of ceramic-metal hybrid structures

The effects of metallic material on the penetration resistances of ceramic-metal hybrid structures against vertical long-rod tungsten projectiles were studied by artillery-launched experiments and numerical simulation. Hybrid structures with rectangular cores in transverse orthogonal arrangement and slide-fitting ceramic inserts of zirconia toughened alumina prisms were fabricated with titanium alloy TC4 (Ti6Al4V), AISI 4340 steel and 7075 aluminum alloy panels, respectively. The results showed that the hybrid structure of Ti6Al4V exhibited the highest penetration resistance, followed by that of 7075 aluminum alloy with the same area density. The penetration resistance of the hybrid structure of AISI 4340 steel was the lowest. The underlying mechanisms showed that the metallic material of a ceramic-metal hybrid structure can directly affect its energy absorption from the impact projectile, which further affects its penetration resistance. Different metallic frames exhibited different failure characteristics, resulting in different constraint conditions or support conditions for ceramic prisms. The high penetration resistance of the Ti6Al4V hybrid structure was due to its stronger back support to ceramic prisms as compared with that of AISI 4340 steel hybrid structure, and better constraint condition for ceramic prisms by metallic webs as compared with that of 7075 aluminum alloy hybrid structure. The results of mass efficiency and thickness efficiency showed that the Ti6Al4V hybrid structure has advantages in reducing both the thickness and the mass of protective structure. In addition, because the ceramic-metal hybrid structures in the present work were heterogeneous, impact position has slight influence on their penetration resistances.     

二氧化硅气凝胶隔热复合材料的性能及其瞬态传热模拟

高马赫数、新型航天飞行器承载严重的气动加热环境,其隔热材料的性能与传热计算对飞行器热防护结构的优化和预测具有一定的指导意义.研究了二氧化硅气凝胶隔热复合材料的结构与性能,并进行了瞬态传热模拟.结果表明复合材料热导率仅为0.018W/m·K,瞬态传热模拟结果与考核测试值吻合,为预测和优化隔热材料提供了一定的依据.