使用等效偏移角稀疏测量的面阵相机序贯图像几何校正

天基光学相机实际在轨对地观测成像的畸变需通过几何校正抑制。目前主流面阵相机对地观测获得的小尺寸、高帧频序贯图像很难满足传统几何校正方法逐帧解算对单帧图像控制点数量与空域分布的要求且计算量巨大。针对这一问题,提出一种使用等效偏移角稀疏测量的面阵相机序贯观测图像几何校正方法,将逐帧校正参数解算问题转化为时域稀疏测量条件下等效偏移角信号恢复问题,利用等效偏移角信号时频信息可有效降低对单帧图像控制点数量和空域分布要求。通过高分四号卫星面阵相机在轨实测图像数据验证了所提方法的可行性且其能大大降低序贯图像几何校正处理的计算量。     

Alleviating time inconsistent behaviors via a competition scheme

Under quasi‐hyperbolic discounting, the valuation of a payoff falls relatively rapidly for earlier delay periods, but then falls more slowly for longer delay periods. When the salespersons with quasi‐hyperbolic discounting consider the product sale problem, they would exert less effort than their early plan, thus resulting in losses of future profit. We propose a winner‐takes‐all competition to alleviate the above time inconsistent behaviors of the salespersons, and allow the company to maximize its revenue by choosing an optimal bonus. To evaluate the effects of the competition scheme, we define the group time inconsistency degree of the salespersons, which measures the consequence of time inconsistent behaviors, and two welfare measures, the group welfare of the salespersons and the company revenue. We show that the competition always improves the group welfare and the company revenue as long as the company chooses to run the competition in the first place. However, the effect on group time inconsistency degree is mixed. When the optimal bonus is moderate (extreme high), the competition motivates (over‐motivates) the salesperson to work hard, thus alleviates (worsens) the time inconsistent behaviors. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 357–372, 2017     

The “motivated bias” dilemma in warfare and intelligence

The goal of this article is to challenge the assumption of rationality in the behavior of decision-making units involved in security, defense, intelligence and warfare and to consider the influence of “motivated bias” in such instances. A review of motivational literature within international politics and a discussion of literature applying “motivated biases” to warfare and strategic surprise will offer an alternative view of the primacy of rationality in such decisions.     

2014—2016年FY-3C与COSMIC掩星电离层特征参数的比较

利用由FY-3C和COSMIC两个全球导航卫星系统无线电掩星任务提供的2014—2016共3年的电离层电子密度廓线，基于时间间隔7.5 min、经纬度间隔2.5°的时空匹配窗口，对两个掩星任务的电离层峰值密度（NmF2）和峰值高度（hmF2）进行了比较。结果表明：由两个任务得到的特征参数相关性良好，各年之间相关性水平基本稳定，其中各年NmF2和hmF2相关系数的平均值分别为0.87和0.75；FY-3C的特征参数相对于COSMIC的偏差很小，各年NmF2的绝对偏差均值和相对偏差均值分别不超过±0.25×10⁵ el/cm³和±15.0%，hmF2的绝对偏差均值和相对偏差均值分别不超过±7.00 km和±1.80%。此外，由两个任务得到的特征参数在空间上均表现出赤道及低纬地区数值较高且呈“条带状”分布的特点，且两个任务都监测到了2016年相对于2014年和2015年NmF2和 hmF2均存在显著下降的现象     

基于强跟踪滤波器的多雷达配准方法

在多雷达数据处理系统中,雷达本身的系统偏差是影响目标跟踪和数据融合质量的一个重要因素。提出了基于强跟踪滤波器(STF)的多雷达配准算法。该算法是利用各雷达相对主雷达的测量差值,利用强跟踪滤波器(STF)实时估计出各雷达的系统偏差(方位和距离),从而进行配准。仿真实验结果表明这种方法是有效的。     

星地距离变化对星地双向时间比对的影响及改正

星地时间同步是卫星导航系统的关键技术,星地双向时间比对能有效提高星地时间同步的精度。在分析了星地距离变化对星地双向时间比对可引起百纳秒量级误差后,提出了前后历元观测数据差分改正方法,通过数学仿真验证该方法能达到纳秒量级精度。     

考虑质心流动与偏移的通用弹道仿真模型

引入了质心坐标系的概念,对弹体坐标系的定义作了适当修正,给出了考虑质心流动与偏移的通用弹道仿真模型及相应的转动惯量与惯性积的计算公式     

基于AIS的对海雷达多目标联合误差估计方法

提出了一种基于AIS的对海警戒雷达多目标联合误差估计方法,该方法以高精度AIS提供的目标信息为目标真值,对雷达进行误差估计。利用系统积累的多目标航迹信息,首先进行目标粗关联,将航迹信息进行时空对准后产生误差序列,通过单目标误差序列统计信息进行异常值的筛选,再通过多目标误差序列进行错误关联目标的检验,最终对剩余误差序列进行误差估计。通过实测数据和实际应用证明,该方法估计的雷达误差较准确,用估计结果对雷达误差进行校准后可有效减小对海雷达的系统误差。     

THE MORAL PERMISSIBILITY OF AUTOMATED RESPONSES DURING CYBERWARFARE

Automated responses are an inevitable aspect of cyberwarfare, but there has not been a systematic treatment of the conditions in which they are morally permissible. We argue that there are three substantial barriers to the moral permissibility of an automated response: the attribution, chain reaction, and projection bias problems. Moreover, these three challenges together provide a set of operational tests that can be used to assess the moral permissibility of a particular automated response in a specific situation. Defensive automated responses will almost always pass all three challenges, while offensive automated responses typically face a substantial positive burden in order to overcome the chain reaction and projection bias challenges. Perhaps the most interesting cases arise in the middle ground between cyber-offense and cyber-defense, such as automated cyber-exploitation responses. In those situations, much depends on the finer details of the response, the context, and the adversary. Importantly, however, the operationalizations of the three challenges provide a clear guide for decision-makers to assess the moral permissibility of automated responses that could potentially be implemented.     

考虑系统偏差的脉冲星守时算法研究

脉冲星拥有高度稳定的自转周期,可用对其的观测信息来校正星载原子钟钟差。针对脉冲星守时系统中脉冲到达时间的微小偏差会严重影响守时精度的问题,提出一种考虑系统偏差的脉冲星守时算法。基于脉冲星守时的基本原理,梳理了影响守时系统性能的系统偏差因素,并建立了模型。利用二步卡尔曼滤波算法,在估计原子钟钟差的同时,解耦估计系统偏差。研究结果表明,本算法可以有效地降低系统偏差对脉冲星守时系统的影响。该算法为脉冲星守时系统的工程实现提供了一条可行的思路。