Production to order and off‐line inspection when the production process is partially observable

This study combines inspection and lot‐sizing decisions. The issue is whether to INSPECT another unit or PRODUCE a new lot. A unit produced is either conforming or defective. Demand need to be satisfied in full, by conforming units only. The production process may switch from a “good” state to a “bad” state, at constant rate. The proportion of conforming units in the good state is higher than in the bad state. The true state is unobservable and can only be inferred from the quality of units inspected. We thus update, after each inspection, the probability that the unit, next candidate for inspection, was produced while the production process was in the good state. That “good‐state‐probability” is the basis for our decision to INSPECT or PRODUCE. We prove that the optimal policy has a simple form: INSPECT only if the good‐state‐probability exceeds a control limit. We provide a methodology to calculate the optimal lot size and the expected costs associated with INSPECT and PRODUCE. Surprisingly, we find that the control limit, as a function of the demand (and other problem parameters) is not necessarily monotone. Also, counter to intuition, it is possible that the optimal action is PRODUCE, after revealing a conforming unit. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

按保障度最大配置备件模型

考虑了备件资源有限,有多个需求单位的条件下,依据装备数量、零部件、元器件的故障率,单装用数、平均更换时间、各级维修机构领取备件的平均时间,建立了两级备件保障度的模型,并在备件总资源量一定的条件下,按保障度最大给出了两级备件配置的程序、方法和示例.模型举例说明了模型输出结果的特征和敏感性.模型应用可减少备件的积压,降低备件的短缺,提高备件的保障效果.     

Probabilistic resource pooling games

We study a setting with a single type of resource and with several players, each associated with a single resource (of this type). Unavailability of these resources comes unexpectedly and with player‐specific costs. Players can cooperate by reallocating the available resources to the ones that need the resources most and let those who suffer the least absorb all the costs. We address the cost savings allocation problem with concepts of cooperative game theory. In particular, we formulate a probabilistic resource pooling game and study them on various properties. We show that these games are not necessarily convex, do have non‐empty cores, and are totally balanced. The latter two are shown via an interesting relationship with Böhm‐Bawerk horse market games. Next, we present an intuitive class of allocation rules for which the resulting allocations are core members and study an allocation rule within this class of allocation rules with an appealing fairness property. Finally, we show that our results can be applied to a spare parts pooling situation.     

基于属性的舰载机航材备件品种确定方法

航材备件品种确定是舰载机供应保障工作的重要内容。基于属性对舰载机航材备件品种确定进行研究。基于粗糙集理论对属性集进行属性约简,确定航材备件品种确定的主要影响属性,然后基于属性约简进行航材备件品种确定。给出了单属性、顺次属性和多属性的品种决策方法。最后结合实例进行了应用分析。     

稀布阵下宽带多波束组合印证测向算法

在稀布阵下,对信号强度不同的多个信号进行多波束测向时,由于波束主瓣较宽,副瓣较高,因而无法分辨信号到达方向。针对此问题,提出了一种新的多波束测向算法,即多波束组合印证测向算法。该方法充分利用高副瓣的特点,建立多波束学习训练匹配表,通过查表综合判定信号到达方向。仿真实验结果表明:该算法很好地解决了稀布阵下对同时到达阵元的多个信号测向问题,且算法简单,运算量小,测向精度较好,具有很好的工程应用价值。     

An adaptive forecasting algorithm and inventory policy for products with short life cycles

Products with short life cycles are becoming increasingly common in many industries, such as the personal computer (PC) and mobile phone industries. Traditional forecasting methods and inventory policies can be inappropriate for forecasting demand and managing inventory for a product with a short life cycle because they usually do not take into account the characteristics of the product life cycle. This can result in inaccurate forecasts, high inventory cost, and low service levels. Besides, many forecasting methods require a significant demand history, which is available only after the product has been sold for some time. In this paper, we present an adaptive forecasting algorithm with two characteristics. First, it uses structural knowledge on the product life cycle to model the demand. Second, it combines knowledge on the demand that is available prior to the launch of the product with actual demand data that become available after the introduction of the product to generate and update demand forecasts. Based on the forecasting algorithm, we develop an optimal inventory policy. Since the optimal inventory policy is computationally expensive, we propose three heuristics and show in a numerical study that one of the heuristics generates near‐optimal solutions. The evaluation of our approach is based on demand data from a leading PC manufacturer in the United States, where the forecasting algorithm has been implemented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.     

Dual sourcing: Responsive hedging against correlated supply and demand uncertainty

This article analyzes dual sourcing decisions under stochastically dependent supply and demand uncertainty. A manufacturer faces the trade‐off between investing in unreliable but high‐margin offshore supply and in reliable but low‐margin local supply, where the latter allows for production that is responsively contingent on the actual demand and offshore supply conditions. Cost thresholds for both types of supply determine the optimal resource allocation: single offshore sourcing, single responsive sourcing, or dual sourcing. Relying on the concept of concordance orders, we study the effects of correlation between supply and demand uncertainty. Adding offshore supply to the sourcing portfolio becomes more favorable under positive correlation, since offshore supply is likely to satisfy demand when needed. Selecting responsive capacity under correlated supply and demand uncertainty is not as straightforward, yet we establish the managerially relevant conditions under which responsive capacity either gains or loses in importance. Our key results are extended to the broad class of endogenous supply uncertainty developed by Dada et al. [Manufact Serv Operat Mange 9 (2007), 9–32].© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

对当前消防部队信息化建设的思考

目前消防部队信息化建设取得了初步成效,但与部队需求还存在一定差距,存在着对信息化建设认识不够高、信息化应用不深入、专业人才偏少、人员素质偏低、投入资金不足等问题,并针对存在的问题提出了解决对策。     

Contracts and coordination: Supply chains with uncertain demand and supply

Considering a supply chain with a supplier subject to yield uncertainty selling to a retailer facing stochastic demand, we find that commonly studied classical coordination contracts fail to coordinate both the supplier's production and the retailer's procurement decisions and achieve efficient performance. First, we study the vendor managed inventory (VMI) partnership. We find that a consignment VMI partnership coupled with a production cost subsidy achieves perfect coordination and a win‐win outcome; it is simple to implement and arbitrarily allocates total channel profit. The production cost subsidy optimally chosen through Nash bargaining analysis depends on the bargaining power of the supplier and the retailer. Further, motivated by the practice that sometimes the retailer and the supplier can arrange a “late order,” we also analyze the behavior of an advance‐purchase discount (APD) contract. We find that an APD with a revenue sharing contract can efficiently coordinate the supply chain as well as achieve flexible profit allocation. Finally, we explore which coordination contract works better for the supplier vs. the retailer. It is interesting to observe that Nash bargaining solutions for the two coordination contracts are equivalent. We further provide recommendations on the applications of these contracts. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 305–319, 2016     

对GPS接收机的欺骗式干扰试验研究

GPS欺骗式干扰具有发射功率小,抗干扰难度大的特点,分为转发式干扰与产生式干扰。利用卫星信号模拟器产生包含错误导航信息的GPS民用C/A码欺骗信号,通过直接侵入和压制式干扰辅助两种方式进入接收机的捕获跟踪环路,对已定位的某款GPS接收机实施欺骗干扰。试验结果表明,直接侵入方式下,通过合理控制欺骗信号功率,接收机定位被扰乱,但定位结果并未被成功欺骗至预设位置;压制式干扰辅助方式下,接收机成功误定位于预设位置,验证了对GPS接收机进行欺骗式干扰的可行性。