基于集对分析的后勤补给路线决策问题研究

由于现代战争后勤补给的快速性、安全性、决策者的主观性及获取情报信息的相关特性,使后勤补给路线的决策问题具有不确定性.利用集对分析对确定不确定信息的良好处理能力,对后勤补给路线的决策问题进行了研究.在选择路线时摒弃了传统的只考虑时间效益的思路,综合分析影响后勤补给路线选择的诸多因素,在遵循目的性、实用性、关联性、客观性和定量化原则基础之上,构建了后勤补给路线选择的指标体系;给出一种基于集对分析的决策定量化数学模型,对后勤补给路线的决策问题进行分析,为指挥员能够科学、合理地选择路线提供参考.     

多属性决策的野战防空作战部署方案评估

为适应战场环境的多变性和不确定性,从能够决定战场态势的多重因素出发,对防空作战部署方案进行评估,从多个备选方案中选出最优方案。针对评估指标的多变性和不确定性,提出了多属性决策的评估方法。影响作战部署的因素有主次之分,对于各个参数的权重问题,采用了熵值法计算以进行权重的确定。根据各个方案的参数计算出理想解和负理想解,继而计算出各个方案的相对贴近度,由此实现对最优部署方案的快速选择。最后通过一个实例验证了评估方法的有效性。     

相控阵雷达维修方案优选方法研究

针对相控阵雷达维修方案的选择问题,确定了维修方案的决策属性,并提出一种基于改进TOPSIS法的相控阵雷达维修方案优选方法。该方法通过引入Vague集来处理维修方案选择中存在的模糊信息,并采用博弈论综合赋权法来确定决策属性的综合权重。通过计算各备选方案与正、负理想方案的灰色关联度,得到了维修方案的灰色关联相对贴近度,进而实现对维修方案的排序和选择。最后,通过算例应用与分析,对提出的方法进行了验证。     

油料装备采购的不确定多属性决策方法研究

油料装备采购决策问题是典型的多属性决策问题,为了提高油料装备采购决策的准确性,基于区间数的相离度及两区间数比较的可能度理论,建立了油料装备采购的不确定多属性决策模型,阐述了油料装备各属性权重及各采购方案综合属性值的确定方法,得出了基于可能度对油料装备采购决策方案排序的方法.案例研究表明,文中的方法原理清晰,计算简单,可用于解决后勤油料保障中的诸多决策问题.     

走进美军航空母舰战斗群的海上作战补给

航母战斗群海上作战补给需要的物资种类多,数量大,就油料、弹药和生活必需物资这些基本的补给来看,难度很大。为此,美军不仅提出了海上补给要及时简便、灵活机动、经济节约、体制健全和安全可靠的要求,而且形成了较强的海上作战补给能力。     

基于云模型和证据理论的现役装备改进方案评价

针对部队现役装备改进方案影响因素复杂,评价方法不够系统全面,评价过程具有模糊性、随机性和不确定性等特点,提出了将云模型与改进证据理论叠集优化的现役装备改进方案评价方法.根据作战目的和任务要求,构建了装备改进方案指标体系,采取基于信息熵的专家群组灰色赋权的方法确定指标权重;通过云生成器确定基本概率分配;再结合Jousse...     

我海军远洋补给舰首次航行中四向油料补给获得成功

东海某海域,海上战舰穿梭,空中战鹰旋。由解放军总后勤部下达海军组织实施的海军舰艇部队油料装备检验演习获得了圆满成功。我海军新型远洋综合补给舰、导弹驱逐舰、护卫舰以及舰载直升机组成的海上联合编队进行海空立体油料补给演练场面蔚为壮观。编队航行中,新型远洋补给舰首次纵向为一艘导弹驱逐舰补给海军燃油,两舷横向同时为两艘护卫补给军用柴油,并为一架舰载直升机垂直悬停补给航空煤油。四向立体油料补给获得成功,填补了中国海军史上又一项空白。我海军远洋补给舰首次航行中四向油料补给获得成功@胡宝良     

基于AHP-熵权TOPSIS的区域油料保障力量部署方案优化

针对区域内实施诸军兵种联合作战,参战力量多元,战场空间广阔,油料保障的复杂性和模糊性等特点,更好地实现区域油料保障力量高效保障、快速部署,分析了区域油料保障力量部署的原则、要求、影响因素和优化目标,建立了方案评价指标体系,提出了基于AHP-熵权逼近理想解的排序方法(TOPSIS)的区域油料保障力量部署方案优化方法,有效解决了传统的TOPSIS在权重系数确定方面存在缺陷的问题,达到方案优选的目的,验证了该方法的合理性。结果表明:该方法是可行的、有效的,可为区域油料保障力量配置提供更加科学和实用的决策依据。     

基于TOPSIS法攻击机编队主攻方向选择研究

针对影响攻击机编队主攻方向选择因素的特点,依据逼近理想点排序法基本原理,研究攻击机编队主攻方向选择问题。建立了不确定信息下多属性决策的数学模型,采用熵权法确定各因素权重,引入贴近度的概念和计算方法,按照综合指标值的大小对各方案进行优劣排序。最后给出一个示例说明此法的有效性和可行性。     

基于改进的TOPSIS雷达对抗阵地优选方法

分析了影响雷达对抗阵地选择的主要因素,构建了雷达对抗阵地选择评判指标体系。采用层次分析法和熵权法综合确定各指标权重,以逼近理想解法对方案集进行排序,建立了基于AHP-熵权-TOPSIS的雷达对抗阵地综合评价模型,并给出了该模型的实例应用。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.