纳米科技打造未来军服

纳米科技是用单个原子、分子制造物质的科学技术。它是以许多现代先进科学技术为基础的科学技术,它是现代科学(混沌物理、量子力学、介观物理、分子生物学)和现代技术(计算机技术、微电子和扫描隧道显微镜技术、核分析技术)结合的产物,纳米科技又将引发一系列新的科学技术。 纳米科技现在已经包括纳米生物学、纳米电子学、纳米材料学、纳米机械学、纳米化学等学科。从包括微电子等在内的微米科技到纳米科技,人类正越来越向微观世界深入,人们认识、改造微观世界的水平提高到前所未有的高度。我国著名科学家钱学森也     

奇巧的纳米卫生装备

纳米(nm)是10~(-9)米,是毫米的百万分之一。纳米科技是指在纳米尺度(1-100纳米之间)上研究物质(包括原子、分子的操纵)的特性和相互作用,以及利用这些特性的多种交叉的科学技术。 当物质小到1-300纳米(10-9—10-7米)时,由于其量子效应、     

纳米材料技术及其军事应用

自从扫描隧道显微镜发明后,世界上便诞生了一门以0．1至100纳米这样尺度为研究对象的前沿学科,这就是“纳米科技”。作为以纳米这样的尺度对物质和生命进行研究和应用的科学技术,它以空前的分辨率为人类揭示了一个可见的原子、分子世界。研究纳米技术的最终目的是直接以原子和分子来构造具有特定功能的产品,纳米技术是用单个原子、分子制造物质的科学技术。它是以许多现代先进科学技术为基础,是现代科学(混沌物理、量子力学、介观物理、分子生物学)和现代技术(计算机技术、微电子和扫描隧道微镜技术、核分析技术)结合的产物。纳米技术又将引发一系列新的科学技术,例如纳米电子学、纳米材料学、纳米机械学等。被认为是世纪之交出现的一项高科技。     

21世纪的纳米科技与纳米军事

纳米军事是纳米科技应用发展的重要方面,并将成为21世纪战场的主宰.纳米武器将使人们重新认识军事领域中数量与质量的关系,产生全新的战争理念,使武器装备的研制与生产向质量、智能的方向发展,从而变革未来战争的面貌和形态.     

纳米材料及其在防化领域的应用前景

论述了纳米科技在人类发展史中的划时代意义和纳米材料在纳米科技中的重要地位，阐述了纳米微粒的基本介观物理现象以及纳米半导体、纳米氧化物、碳纳米管等几种典型的纳米材料所具有的独特物化性能，以及它们在防化以至国防领域中表现出的潜在的研究价值和诱人的应用前景．     

纳米结构炭材料的储放氢性能研究

主要对多种纳米结构炭材料（超级活性炭、多壁碳纳米管,纳米碳纤堆,纳米石墨纤堆、纳米石墨球等）在常温、10-13MPa的氢气压力下的储放氢量进行了测定（其中包括经过一系列物化处理的样品）,井对其结构和比表面积分别采用SEM、TEM、HRTEM、ASAP2010吸附测试仪（BET）进行了分析．实验结果表明：经过处理的纳米碳样品的储放氢量有所提高,但没有一种样品在温和的实验每件下的储放氢量超过1．0wt％,离DOE目标（6．5wt%）相距甚远。     

纳米SiO2形态对铜基摩擦材料摩擦学性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法分别制备了添加0.75 wt%的纳米SiO2(n-SiO2)和0.75 wt%Cu包纳米SiO2(Cu/n-SiO2)复合粉体的新型铜基摩擦材料.采用惯性台架试验机,研究比较了2种材料与未添加纳米SiO2的材料的摩擦学性能.结果表明添加0.75 wt% Cu/n-SiO2的铜基摩擦材料,耐热性提高了32%,摩擦因数更稳定,耐磨性提高了2.02倍.经铜包覆处理后的n-SiO2对材料性能的影响优于未处理的n-SiO2.     

纳米复合材料在军用食品包装中的应用

纳米复合材料是指用晶粒尺寸为纳米量级的单晶体或多晶体与其他包装材料复合制成的材料。利用纳米复合材料制成的包装具有质地薄、重量轻、强度高、抗氧化、防潮及经济等特点,因而在军用食品包装中具有广阔应用前景。     

大型光学表面纳米精度制造

纳米精度光学表面在光刻技术、同步辐射、空间观测和惯约聚变等领域有重大需求。随着装备性能需求的不断提升,这些光学系统对光学零件面形精度和表面质量的要求几乎接近于物理极限,对光学制造技术提出了更高挑战,使光学制造成为纳米制造技术的发展前沿。通过攻克纳米量级材料去除的稳定性、复杂曲面可控补偿和装备运动轴性能设计等关键问题,掌握了以磁流变和离子束抛光技术为代表的可控柔体抛光技术,利用自主研发的抛光制造装备和工艺实现了典型光学零件的纳米精度制造,为国家相关科技项目的顺利实施提供有力的制造技术支撑。     

Cu/C复合型润滑添加剂减摩抗磨性能研究

将纳米Cu和纳米金刚石复配成Cu/C复合添加剂,对其在500SN基础油中的减摩抗磨性能进行了研究.结果表明,加入了Cu/C复合添加剂的试油能明显改善500SN基础油的摩擦学性能:当纳米Cu添加量为4%,纳米C添加量为2%时,加入了Cu/C复合添加剂的试油减摩性能最好,同500SN空白试油相比,摩擦因数可降低94.8%;...     

Buckling analysis of embedded graphene oxide powder-reinforced nanocomposite shells

In this study, the buckling analysis of a Graphene oxide powder reinforced (GOPR) nanocomposite shell is investigated. The effective material properties of the nanocomposite are estimated through Halpin-Tsai micromechanical scheme. Three distribution types of GOPs are considered, namely uniform, X and O. Also, a first-order shear deformation shell theory is incorporated with the principle of virtual work to derive the governing differential equations of the problem. The governing equations are solved via Galerkin's method, which is a powerful analytical method for static and dynamic problems. Comparison study is performed to verify the present formulation with those of previous data. New results for the buckling load of GOPR nanocomposite shells are presented regarding for different values of circumfer-ential wave number. Besides, the influences of weight fraction of nanofillers, length and radius to thickness ratios and elastic foundation on the critical buckling loads of GOP-reinforced nanocomposite shells are explored.     

Micromechanical simulation and experimental investigation of aluminum-based nanocomposites

Ceramic reinforced metal matrix nanocomposites are widely used in aerospace and auto industries due to their enhanced mechanical and physical properties. In this research, we investigate the mechanical properties of aluminum/Nano-silica composites through experiments and simulations. Aluminum/Nano-silica composite samples with different weight percentages of silica nanoparticles are prepared via powder metallurgy. In this method, Nano-silica and aluminum powders are mixed and compressed in a mold, followed by sintering at high temperatures. Uniaxial tensile testing of the nanocomposite samples shows that adding one percent of Nano-silica causes a considerable increase in mechanical properties of nanocomposite compared to pure aluminum. A computational micromechanical model, based on a representative volume element of aluminum/silica nanocomposite, is developed in a commercial finite element software. The model employs an elastoplastic material model along with a ductile damage model for aluminum matrix and linear elastic model for nano-silica particles. Via careful determination of model parameters from the experimental results of pure aluminum samples prepared by powder metallurgy, the proposed computational model has shown satisfactory agreement with experiments. The validated computational model can be used to perform a parametric study to optimize the micro-structure of nanocomposite for enhanced mechanical properties.     

Polymer composite for antistatic application in aerospace

The phenomenon of static electricity is unpredictable, particularly when an aircraft flying at high altitude that causes the accumulation of static charges beyond a threshold value leading to the failure of its parts and systems including severe explosion and radio communication failure. The accumulation of static charges on aircraft is generated by the virtue of interaction between the outer surface of aircraft and the external environmental attributes encompasses air particles, ice, hail, dust, volcanic ash in addition to its triboelectric charging. In the recent years, advanced polymer-based composites or nanocomposites are preferred structural constituents for aircrafts due to their light weight and comparable mechanical properties, but such composite systems do not render low impedance path for charge flow and are subsequently vulnerable to effect of lightning strike and precipitation static. In this context, it is essential to develop conductive composite systems from non-conductive polymer matrix by nanofiller embodiments. The advent of carbon-based nanocomposite/nanomaterials have adequately addressed such issues related to the nonconductive polymer matrix and further turned into an avant-garde genre of materials. The current review envisioned to illustrate the detailed exploitation of various polymer nanocomposites in addition to especially mentioned epoxy composites based on carbon fillers like carbon black, carbon nanotube (single walled carbon nanotube and multi walled carbon nanotube) and graphene the development of antistatic application in aircraft in addition to the static charge phenomenon and condition for its prevalence in avionic systems.     

Magnetic,thermal stability and dynamic mechanical properties of beta isotactic polypropylene/natural rubber blends reinforced by NiZn ferrite nanoparticles

The dispersion of magnetic nanoparticles in matrix is crucial to ensure optimum performance of the composite. The difficulty level of achieving good dispersion is further increase when a multi-phases of matrix is present. A pre-coating technique of magnetic nanoparticles with polypropylene using ball-mill prior to melt-blending process was employed to prepare a multi-phases thermoplastic natural rubber composite. The effect of filler loading (2 wt%-10 wt%) on morphology, structure, magnetic properties, thermal stability and dynamic mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. It was found that the NiZn ferrite nanoparticles act as nucleating agent to form beta isostatic polypropylene thermoplastic composites. The composites' magnetic properties are directly dependent on the filler concentration. The dispersion of magnetic fillers in polymer matrix plays role in affecting the magnetic properties and thermal stability. The preference of filler to locate at amorphous phase has distorted the chain orientation of natural rubber and polypropylene. Hence, the polymorphism and crystallinity of the matrix varied as the filler loading increased, affecting the dynamic mechanical properties. It was found that 8 wt% NiZn nanocomposite exhibits highest E’ and tanδ, indicating the dynamic mechanical properties of NiZn nanocomposite are affected by β-phase degree.     

Effect of functionally-graded interphase on the elasto-plastic behavior of nylon-6/clay nanocomposites; a numerical study

In nanocomposites, the interphase thickness may be comparable to the size of nano-particles, and hence, the effect of interphase layers on the mechanical properties of nanocomposites may be substantial. The interphase thickness to the nano-particle size ratio and properties variability across the interphase thickness are the most important affecting parameters on the overall behavior of nanocomposites. In this study, the effect of properties variability across the interphase thickness on the overall elastic and elasto-plastic properties of a polymeric clay nanocomposite (PCN) using a functionally graded (FG) interphase is investigated in detail. The results of the computational homogenization on the mesoscopic level show that Young's modulus variation of the interphase has a significant effect on the overall elastic response of nanocomposites in a higher clay weight ratio (Wt). Moreover, strength variation through the interphase has a notable effect on the elasto-plastic properties of PCNs. Also, the increase or decrease in stiffness of interphase from clay to matrix and vice versa have a similar effect in the overall behavior of nanocomposites.     

Nanothermite colloids: A new prospective for enhanced performance

Nanothermites (metal oxide/metal) can offer tremendously exothermic self sustained reactions. CuO is one of the most effective oxidizers for naonothermite applications. This study reports on two prospectives for the manufacture of CuO nanoparticles. Colloidal CuO particles of 15 nm particle size were developed using hydrothermal synthesis technique. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with surface are 700 m²/g was employed as a substrate for synthesis of CuO-coated MWCNTs using electroless plating. On the other hand, aluminium particles with combustion heat of 32000 J/g is of interest as high energy density material. The impact of stoichiometric nanothermite particles (CuO/Al & Cuo-coated MWCNTs/Al) on shock wave strength of Al/TNT nanocomposite was evaluated using ballistic mortar test. While CuO-coated MWCNTs decreased the shock wave strength by 15%; colloidal CuO enhanced the shock wave strength by 30%. The superior performance of colloidal CuO particles was correlated to their steric stabilization with employed organic solvent. This is the first time ever to report on fabrication, isolation, and integration of stablilized colloidal nanothermite particles into energetic matrix where intimate mixing between oxidizer and metal fuel could be achieved.     

Military Innovation Studies: Multidisciplinary or Lacking Discipline?1

This article explores the evolution of the field of military innovation studies, critiquing its theoretical foundations and setting out a number of challenges that must be overcome if the field is to fulfil its potential and enhance its contribution to wider disciplinary debates as well as to the practitioner community. Tensions between the main theoretical approaches to military innovation are examined as are the challenges inherent in its increasingly multidisciplinary character. The issue of whether military innovation studies constitutes a field in its own right is addressed before recommendations are made to expand the field’s research agenda, broaden its theoretical base and strengthen its multidisciplinary credibility.     

边疆地区政治社会化有效性思考

边疆地区有其独特的历史文化等传统,有着复杂的自然条件和环境,特殊的地理位置,边疆地区的政治社会化程度直接影响到主导型政治文化的实现,影响到该地区的稳定和发展,关系到边防的巩固和国家的统一。该地区的政治社会化要在重点对象确定的前提下,既要注重发挥其主要途径的作用、又要注重其内容的针对性和时效性、更要注意较大地区差距的负面影响并努力将其缩小,才能使边疆地区政治社会化有较好的效果。     

论大学英语词汇习得及完备性

第二语言“词汇习得的完备性”在英语教学中尚未受到普遍重视。本文旨在阐明这一领域的理论基础及实践性 :公外大学生的词汇量、词汇习得的完备性 ,实际教授词汇的引导性、启发性等 ,望能引起同行的关注