任意航向上的舰船磁场换算

本文提出了用两个主航向上舰船磁场测量数据来换算任意航向上任意深度下的舰船磁场的设想。针对静态磁场,提出了一种新的磁场换算方法即磁荷模型换算法。由于该法的模型更接近于物理模型,故该法建立模型容易,换算所需的测量数据少,换算精度高。对安装消磁系统的舰船其任意航向上的磁场换算,作者采用消磁系统绕组磁场和舰船本身磁场分别计算然后合成的处理方法。实验证明,本文提出的舰船任意航向上的磁场换算方法是可行的,换算精度能够满足工程实用要求。     

分布式消磁系统绕组补偿电流快速调整

随着现代舰船的大型化和舰船消磁技术要求的日益提高,消磁系统向分布式发展,消磁线圈的数目越来越多,绕组补偿电流调整的实时性要求也愈来愈高.针时这一特点,建立了消磁绕组磁场的数学模型,引入二分搜索法来快速调整绕组补偿电流.实验结果表明:该算法能够快速调整消磁绕组补偿电流,且消磁效果好.此外,该算法原理浅显易懂,编程简单明了...     

大型舰船分区消磁理论研究

针对以往舰船消磁系统采用单一消磁电流回路所带来的诸多弊端,对某型舰首次提出分区消磁的思想.在理论分析计算的基础上,进行了模型试验研究.所得有关数据和结论对于舰船消磁系统设计、建造及调整等都有重要的参考价值.     

舰船消磁模拟系统通过鉴定

由我院消磁教研室研制的舰船消磁模拟系统,于1989年12月18日至19日,通过了由海军司令部主持的技术鉴定。参加这次鉴定会的有海军机关、业务部门的领导以及军内外高等院校、科研单位的知名专家、教授。与会代表给予该成果以高度评价,一致认为:该模拟系统的研制成功,不仅解决了舰船消磁领域的基本模拟训练和研究工作;而且在研究舰船跨区航行的磁场规律和消磁工艺方     

从探头阵列到标准测量点的磁场值转换

针对目前在消磁站对舰船进行磁场测量时,探头阵列所测磁场值不是舰船标准测量点的磁场值这一情况,讨论依据探头阵列(基准测量点)测量出来的磁场值,采用二次二维插值算法计算舰船标准测量点上的磁场值.实验结果表明,该方法计算精度高,具有较高的应用价值.     

一种舰船磁场信息保护方法

针对舰船在经过他国港口和主要航道期间磁场信息易被测获的问题,提出了通过调整消磁绕组控制磁场幅值和磁矩来实现磁场信息保护的方法。首先,分别计算消磁系统最优状态下(最大限度减小磁场幅值)工作和关闭时舰船磁场的幅值和磁矩,以绕组电流为优化对象、以控制磁场幅值到设定水平和减小磁矩相关性为目标,建立数学模型;然后,采用粒子群算法求解绕组电流;最后,通过船模实例验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明:该方法能够有效保护舰船磁场幅值、磁矩和磁场通过曲线特性等磁场信息。     

一种新的闭环消磁方法

提出了一种在通电过程中利用舰船磁信号获得动态通电波形的自动化消磁方法。该方法可在保证舰船磁性稳定的前提下,一次性地将其结果磁场处理到给定标准内,从而提高舰船磁性的处理效率。对实现该方法的硬件和软件结构进行了分析,提出了利用“人工智能”和“模糊控制”来确定磁信号与电流波形之间的关系。     

旋转消磁的磁化过程和工程实现

针对现行综合消磁法在使用中存在结果磁场稳定性不尽理想的问题,通过对铁磁材料中磁矩在综合消磁过程中角分布的变化过程进行分析,发现铁磁物体中磁矩的分布与外磁场的方向相关.在此基础上,研究了多方向消磁方法,即使铁磁物质的磁矩处于二维空间旋转磁场中,在交变磁场衰减到0之后,磁矩在各方向的分布相对综合消磁更趋均匀,从而可以提高结果磁场的稳定性.同时,讨论了在工程中如何实现交变磁场旋转和衰减的问题,并对结果磁场的稳定性考察方式提出了磁场冲击法.实验证实:旋转消磁较传统消磁能提高结果磁场的稳定性,且在实验室中可以使用磁场冲击方式对磁场稳定性进行评估.     

一种海洋环境地磁场三分量的测量方法

提出了一种利用安装在舰船上的三分量磁传感器进行地磁场测量的方法.从理论上解决了在任意舰船姿态下,消除测量中舰船磁场干扰的问题.为测量船在海上测量地磁场的三分量奠定了理论基础.根据我国舰船普遍安装的导航设备的精度,进行了计算机仿真.从仿真结果看,其误差不超过50 nT,能够满足舰载消磁系统对三分量磁场的精度要求.     

三分量磁传感器非理想放置时磁场数据的分析方法

用欧拉角和矩阵变换方法导出了三分量磁传感器坐标系ｏ—ｘｙｚ与地磁坐标系Ｏ－ＸＹＺ有任意旋转关系时的磁场转换公式。用此公式分析了消磁系统中电子型消磁电流调整器的三分量磁传感器非理想放置时,对舰船消磁系统控制信号的影响,认为该影响在抗干扰调整过程中应引起足够的重视。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.