基于HTN的变粒度作战计划快速生成框架

针对网络中心战中关于作战计划的新需求,提出了基于层次任务网络(HTN)的作战计划快速生成技术。在层次任务网络基本要素描述的基础上,结合军事术语详细地阐述了作战计划的基本要素,进而给出了基于目标匹配的任务生成和分解方法;采用专家系统技术,丰富了层次任务网络的分解方法,构建了支持变粒度的军事作战计划快速生成流程和算法。     

一种基于知识的作战计划系统设计

作战计划系统是复杂的问题求解系统,在军事领域的各个方面发挥着重要的作用。介绍了当前一些主要的作战计划辅助生成系统及其特点,分析比较和归纳整理了当前军用计划系统所采用的一些常见规划技术和优缺点,重点分析了作战计划系统中的智能规划技术。在此基础上,提出了一种基于知识的作战计划辅助生成系统的开发设想,构建了系统知识库,系统采用层级任务网络规划技术,给出了这种规划技术的理论框架和算法过程,并且把这种技术与多主体规划技术相结合,辅助实现军事作战任务的逐层分解与规划优化,进而生成完整的行动序列,较好地解决了作战计划辅助生成问题。     

面向协作式网络化的作战计划生成过程模型

传统的指挥控制系统中作战计划生成过程网络化程度低,各个软件模块间难以进行协作。针对战术作战计划生成问题,参照工作流元模型,对计划生成流程进行分析,提出了计划生成过程模型。重点针对作战计划生成过程中的网络化协作问题,在现有模型的基础上,提出了适用于战术作战计划生成的轻量级工作流引擎的设计思想,最后结合工作流技术,设计了辅助作战计划生成的流程组织工具,通过该工具手动或自动地进行作战计划生成过程,验证了该模型的有效性。     

基于关键行动点的作战计划动态评估

作战进程的仿真是作战计划生成系统的重要组成部分,采用作战力量点抽象和简化作战实体的方法,基于关键行动点的思想对作战进程仿真建模,由离散、静态的作战行动点,向连续、动态的作战行动转化,通过计算各个阶段作战效能值,“以静制动”,实现对作战计划任意阶段的计算机仿真评估.     

基于仿真的反导联合防御计划模型研究

针对弹道导弹防御作战时间紧、难度大的问题,提出预先启动联合防御计划作为战前优化预案.采用仿真的方法,建立联合防御计划的主要模型,研究了联合防御计划的生成流程.通过仿真试验,生成防御计划,可以达到对资源的优化配置,提高整体作战效能,对发展高效能导弹防御系统具有一定的参考价值.     

基于作战数据分析的协同计划拟定及调整

探索作战因素与作战目的间的定量化关系对协同计划的影响:构建仿真战例想定,采用回归正交旋转组合实验设计法进行作战仿真实验,得到作战模型,并通过对模型优化求解确定理想条件下的协同计划,然后对模型进行单因素效应分析和双因素交互效应分析,确定非理想条件下协同计划的被动和主动调整方案。     

空中进攻作战出动计划禁忌搜索优化分析方法

空中进攻作战出动计划涉及多种复杂因素,大规模空中进攻作战出动计划不仅计算量大、出动强度高、架次多,而且当战场形势发生变化时,必须及时对飞机出动计划做出调整,采用手工方式制定和修改作战计划已难以适应未来空中进攻作战的要求。从分析制定空中进攻作战航空兵出动计划所涉及的诸要素出发,提出了一个较为合理的作战出动计划模型,并采用禁忌搜索求解模型的优良解,为实现计算机制定和及时修正空中进攻作战出动计划提出了一种有效的解决方法。     

基于复合约束的作战行动序列生成与执行控制方法

作战行动序列是作战计划的核心,也是指挥控制的关键.传统的作战行动序列制定主要通过手工方式,效率低下且耗时费力,难以满足现代战争筹划需要,作战行动序列执行控制也缺乏现代信息手段支撑.提出了一种基于时间、空间和因果复合约束条件的作战行动序列生成与执行控制方法,提高了作战计划方案中作战行动序列生成效率,通过对时间、空间、作战效果状态监测对作战行动序列执行进行辅助控制,为指挥员基于网络信息体系进行指挥决策提供了条件支撑.     

美国DD-21级对陆攻击驱逐舰

冷战结束后,美国海军战略进行了新的调整,其主要作战装备的研制计划也随之作出了变动,DD-21级对陆攻击驱逐舰就是为适应这一变动而设计的新一代水面作战舰艇。建造计划美国海军面向未来的战舰计划主要受三种因素的影响:其一是对岸作战成为新的海军战略重点;其二是注重多兵种联合作战;其三是重视节约经费。美国     

作战指令自动生成的关键模块设计*

作战指令的自动化生成主要涉及到汉语分词技术、语法分析和代码生成。将作战文书归结为一个半结构化的自然语言信息抽取问题,采用数据融合方法实现词法分析,采用编译原理的技术实现语法分析,采用规则库最终实现了作战指令的自动化生成,作战指令的自动生成将提高指挥自动化的水平。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.