C2组织结构的鲁棒性设计方法

介绍了C2(Command and Control)组织和C2组织结构,讨论了C2组织结构的鲁棒性设计问题.提出了基于粒度计算的鲁棒性组织结构设计方法,设计过程包括两个阶段:平台集粒化阶段和决策分层阶段,并给出了基于遗传算法的平台集粒化方法和鲁棒性组织结构的决策树优化模型.案例分析和对比试验表明方法具有较好的性能.     

C2组织的通信结构优化设计与分析

指挥控制(Command and Control,C2)组织的通信结构设计是解决网络中心战条件下指控信息高效交互的核心问题.围绕C2组织通信结构的延时、可靠性及成本进行建模,在虚拟全连通网络中采用路由随机搜索的方法避免路由及拓扑的局部搜索,并基于遗传算进行全局搜索求解.实验分析表明该方法可以实现优化目标和效果.     

面向任务C2组织的多层次评价描述模型

现代战场环境下,要求能够根据作战任务迅速的进行兵力调配,设计相应的C2组织结构.不同的设计方法可能设计出完全不同的C2组织结构,那么如何对这些C2组织进行评价是一个重要的问题.在对组织评价的各种方法、理论进行了综述后,依据计算数学组织理论和组织结构权变理论,提出了一个对面向任务C2组织进行评价的多层次描述模型,从组织与任务环境的交互关系,组织内信息流与命令流结构以及组织内的决策者实体的功能3个层次分别对C2组织进行了描述,为建立评价的定量模型和仿真模型奠定了基础.     

基于稳态遗传算法的间歇式覆盖天基雷达星座优化设计

针对天基雷达星座的构型优化设计,建立了能够反映星座重要工作性能的单双基地间歇式覆盖模型、星间链路模型、双基地雷达的动目标检测模型,得到了低轨道卫星星座星间链路判断准则,给出了统计评价特性和综合评估指标体系。在此基础上,建立星座设计的优化模型,采用基于可行解搜索法的协同演化遗传算法并融入稳态遗传进化策略,有效地处理带有复杂计算的目标函数和约束条件的星座优化问题,计算分析实例表明利用该方法进行星座设计是非常有效的。     

网络化作战C2组织结构的一种分析设计方法

网络化作战条件下,传统的层次型C2组织限制了组织成员之间的信息交互,难以适应复杂多变的作战环境,影响了系统整体作战效能的发挥。通过分解单个组织节点智能体(Agent)的行为过程,结合网络化作战的概念,在引入信息流、指控流因素情况下,研究在网络化作战中C2组织结构网络,并在分析组织网络探测信息/指控命令的传输和处理的基础上,提出了一种C2组织结构设计方法。该方法充分考虑了网络化作战探测信息共享以及指控命令协同,并将网络化作战C2组织的最优设计问题转化为C2组织网络中探测信息和指控命令的最小费用最大流问题。     

利用遗传算法求解整周模糊度

建立了一种基于简单遗传算法的改进模糊度搜索方法求解载波相位测量中的整周模糊度。首先采用UDUT 和LDLT 分解对整周模糊度进行整数高斯变换以降低各整周模糊度之间的相关性 ,然后利用遗传算法进行整周模糊度搜索。在种群个体较少的情况下 ,为了避免早熟使搜索陷入局部最优 ,提出两种变异算子 ,保持个体的多样性。仿真结果表明改进后的算法较使用简单遗传算法具有更快的搜索速度和鲁棒性。     

改进遗传算法在传声器阵列优化中的应用

规则平面阵列因其结构周期性,在进行波束综合时存在主瓣宽、旁瓣电平高等问题。对此,提出一种基于改进遗传算法的阵列优化方法。设计平面栅格传声器阵列,以满足阵元间距的要求,并构造以主瓣宽度为约束条件、以全局旁瓣电平为适应度的目标函数,对常规遗传算法进行改进,采取个体间自由交叉、随机的阵元数量强制变异的策略来增大种群的搜索范围。通过仿真,得到多个优化阵列,与几种规则平面阵列相比,在不同的信噪比输入下,经过改进遗传算法优化得到的随机阵列均有更好的表现。而相比于几种常规的优化算法,改进的遗传算法具有更强的搜索能力,得到数量更多、性能更优的随机阵列,由此证明了所提方法的可行性。     

敏捷C2组织鲁棒性研究＊

敏捷性的研究是信息时代的组织研究中的重要方面。设计一种敏捷的C2组织,以保证C2组织在执行任务时能够发挥最佳性能,以达到灵活应对任务、减少资源浪费和提升作战效能的目的,这样的组织被称为敏捷C2组织。从敏捷C2组织形式化概念模型构建开始,对敏捷C2组织的敏捷性测度中的鲁棒性的含义及其测度方法进行详细的定义和阐述,并通过实验对方法进行分析研究验证。     

基于遗传算法的整周模糊度OTF解算

建立了一种基于简单遗传算法的改进模糊度搜索方法。首先采用一组约束方程求解模糊度浮点数解 ,然后UDUT 和LDLT 分解对整周模糊度进行整数高斯变换以降低各整周模糊度之间的相关性 ,最后利用遗传算法进行整周模糊度搜索。在种群个体较少的情况下 ,为了避免早熟使搜索陷入局部最优 ,提出两种变异算子 ,保持个体的多样性。仿真结果表明改进后的算法能够实时动态解算整周模糊度 ,且较使用简单遗传算法具有更快的搜索速度和鲁棒性。     

敏捷C2组织鲁棒性研究

敏捷性的研究是信息时代的组织研究中的重要方面。设计一种敏捷的C2组织,以保证C2组织在执行任务时能够发挥最佳性能,以达到灵活应对任务、减少资源浪费和提升作战效能的目的,这样的组织称为敏捷C2组织。本文从敏捷C2组织形式化概念模型构建开始,对敏捷C2组织的敏捷性测度中的鲁棒性的含义及其测度方法进行详细的定义和阐述,并通过实验对方法进行分析研究验证。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.