基于RCS的空间目标识别研究

空间目标的雷达探测与识别技术在航天监测、开发利用空间资源方面具有广阔的应用前景。空间运动目标RCS序列为非平稳时间序列,常用时间序列分析方法很难对其进行特征提取和识别。针对空间运动目标RCS序列的变化规律,引入小波变换以及模糊分类对空间目标的RCS序列进行特征提取和识别。实测数据处理结果表明,对于空间目标的旋转姿态识别,该方法取得了较好的实验结果。     

一种新的舰船辐射噪声特征提取方法

提出了一种基于Dopplerlet变换的舰船辐射噪声特征提取方法,给出了Dopplerlet变换分解流程。使用此种方法及基于小波变换、波形结构、自然尺度等的特征提取方法对收集到的舰船辐射噪声进行了识别试验,试验结果证明基于Dopplerlet变换的舰船辐射噪声特征提取方法更加有效。     

改进的SAR图像车辆目标姿态角估计方法

合成孔径雷达(SAR)对车辆目标的识别效果与目标的姿态角密切相关.如果确定了目标的姿态角,就可以大大降低识别系统的运算量,提高识别效率.Radon变换是一种检测目标姿态角的有效方法,但是Radon变换在实际应用中有一定的局限性.通过利用二维连续小波变换引入角能量密度函数的概念,提出了一种Radon变换和角能量密度相结合的姿态角识别算法.利用MSTAR公共目标数据库中的目标样本,通过实验验证该种方法能够准确的估计目标的姿态角.     

一种SAR图像特征提取和目标分类的新方法

提出了一种利用二维离散小波变换与核主成分分析结合对SAR图像进行特征提取的新方法.该方法对SAR图像进行三层小波分解后提取低频子带图像的核主成分分量作为目标的分类特征,利用支持向量机完成目标分类.采用MSTAR实测SAR目标数据集进行特征提取和分类实验,实验结果表明:该方法可以有效提高目标的正确识别率.     

基于小波变换和支持向量机的水下目标分类方法

水下目标识别技术是世界各国十分重视的研究课题之一,具有重要的理论和应用价值。简要介绍了小波变换、多分辨率分析及支持向量机的基本原理,针对舰船辐射噪声信号,利用小波变换来完成信号的预处理和滤波,在小波变换后信号的多尺度子空间上提取信号的能量特征参数,归一化处理后构建特征向量,最后用支持向量机算法进行分类。仿真结果表明,利用小波变换的多分辨率分析和支持向量机能对舰船辐射噪声信号进行有效分类识别。     

基于小波分析的子带特征提取与选择方法

在研究了目标图像多尺度小波分解特性的基础上,提出了基于小波多尺度分解子带主成分的特征提取的算法。该算法利用图像在不同尺度的小波变换域中能量局部集中性,选择各子带能量较集中的局部小波系数构成图像目标特征向量。这种特征包含图像目标的主要边缘、纹理、灰度、结构等多种信息。由于对图像目标的特征信息的分布没有任何限制,因而适用于多种类型的图像的特征提取,可以解决单一特征提取方法中必须面对的所提取特征不明显的难点。这种特征向量对噪声有较好的鲁棒性。     

小波变换在说话人识别中的应用研究

利用小波的多分辨特性提取说话人的语音特征参数，以及在预处理过程中运用小波分解去除噪声的基本原理和方法，分析了小波变换在说话人识别过程中不同阶段的应用。总结了小波变换对提高说话人识别系统的识别率具有重要的意义，并且提出了小波变化在说话人识别中运用所存在的问题和难点。     

基于小波能量矩的高分辨距离像特征提取

传统的小波能量特征提取方法没有考虑到每个分解频带上能量的时域分布.针对这一缺点,对传统方法进行了改进,提出了一种基于小波能量矩的局部能量提取方法,用于雷达高分辨距离像的特征提取.小波能量矩既反映了每个频带的能量大小,也反映了能量在时域轴的分布情况.目标识别仿真结果表明,基于小波能量矩的特征提取方法在识别率方面的性能优于传统方法.     

基于二维小波变换的空间目标识别算法

对于空间目标识别这个具有挑战性的研究课题,提出了基于二维小波变换的空间目标识别算法。该算法首先对空间目标的ISAR像进行二维小波变换,然后从近似分量和细节分量中提取奇异值特征,最后应用径向基函数(RBF)神经网络进行分类识别。计算机仿真实验表明,该算法取得了比较好的识别效果。     

目标识别中的特征提取技术

总结了目标识别中特征提取的几种常用方法,重点介绍了基于高阶谱的特征提取,并给出了高阶谱特征提取方法在水下目标识别中的实际应用,实测数据的实验表明,该方法具有较好的类别可分性,在目标识别中具有一定的应用潜力。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.