热交联法制备低含氧量碳化硅纤维初步研究

通过对低预氧化程度的聚碳硅烷 (PCS)纤维进行热交联处理 ,降低SiC纤维中的氧含量 ,经过二步烧成法制备出机械性能及高温耐氧化性能优良的连续SiC纤维。通过IR、XRD、SEM、元素分析仪等分析手段系统研究了研究了热交联碳化硅纤维的热交联处理的工艺条件、烧成工艺 ,研究了热交联碳化硅纤维的组成、微观结构及其与纤维的力学性能、高温抗氧化性能的关系     

SiC纤维表面CVD SiC涂层对其单丝强度的影响

采用化学气相沉积(CVD, Chemical Vapor Deposition)工艺在KD-I型SiC纤维表面制备了SiC涂层,选择2h、4h、6h和8h四个时间点研究了沉积时间对纤维性能的影响.结果表明:具有CVD SiC涂层的SiC纤维较无涂层的纤维来说强度有所下降;在所研究的沉积时间范围内,随着沉积时间的增加,涂层的厚度有所增加,涂层由不连续的岛状转变为连续层状,纤维的单丝强度出现了先升后降的趋势.     

连续碳化硅纤维热交联工艺研究

采用热交联工艺改进传统的空气不熔化工艺,在尽可能少引入氧的情况下实现聚碳硅烷纤维的不熔化处理,降低连续SiC纤维中的氧含量。通过IR、元素分析、SEM、XRD等手段系统研究了热交联工艺条件对纤维氧含量、结构、性能的影响。     

聚碳硅烷纤维无机化过程中弯曲的形成及对SiC纤维性能的影响

先驱体转化法制备连续SiC纤维无机化过程中有明显的失重和收缩,造成了纤维弯曲,从而影响了纤维的单丝强度和束丝拉伸性能。根据聚碳硅烷(PCS)纤维的无机化过程,探讨了SiC纤维弯曲的种类和形成原因,通过力学分析研究了弯曲对SiC纤维性能的影响;根据弯曲形成原因,提出利用加张热交联和加张烧成的方法解决纤维的弯曲问题,从而提高SiC纤维的性能。     

聚碳硅烷先驱体制备SiC基复合材料的性能研究

本文以聚碳硅烷(PCS)为先驱体,SiC晶须,SiC微粉或C纤维为增强剂,热解转化制得SiC/SiC或C/SiC复合材料,研究其制备工艺过程对材料的力学和热物理性能的影响。结果表明:PCS在1300℃下转化为β-SiC微晶并将未烧结的增强剂网络在一起形成SiC/SiC或C/SiC复合材料。该SiC基复合材料具有较好的常温和高温机械强度,优异的耐热疲劳和抗热震性能,在1300℃空气中具有良好的抗氧化性。     

热交联聚碳硅烷纤维分步烧成工艺

采用热交联工艺改进传统的空气不熔化工艺,在尽可能少引入氧的情况下实现聚碳硅烷纤维的不熔化处理。热交联处理后聚碳硅烷纤维在惰性气氛下进行分步烧成。通过元素分析、SEM、EDX、XRD等手段系统研究了分步烧成的工艺条件以及烧成后连续SiC纤维组成、微观结构及其性能。     

SiC纤维先驱丝—聚碳硅烷纤维的研制

本文对SiC纤维的先躯丝——聚碳硅烷纤维的合成进行了研究。聚碳硅烷是由聚硅烷在聚硼硅氧烷(派松)催化下热解而成。熔融纺丝制得的聚碳硅烷纤维,经空气不熔化处理后,在N_2气氛下,1250℃烧成具有金属光泽的SiC纤维。通过元素分析,红外光谱分析,热分析及裂解气相色谱分析,对聚硅烷,聚碳硅烷和聚硼硅氧烷的性质和合成工艺进行了研究。     

连续碳化硅纤维制备工艺的基础研究

针对先驱体转化法制备SiC纤维工艺中存在的一些实际问题进行了分析和研究。探讨了初始原料PDMS中杂质氧的来源;用丙酮对PCS进行沉淀分级研究,并在此基础上对PCS进行后处理;研究了PCS纤维不熔化工艺中升温制度对不熔化结果的影响;探讨了快速烧成方式的可行性。结果表明,PDMS中氧含量偏高主要是由于合成PDMS过程中发生了引入氧的副反应。随着沉淀分级的次数增加,PCS级分的纯度提高,可纺性明显改善。不熔化处理的升温速度不宜过快,否则会引起急剧放热和过度反应。快速烧成法可以实现SiC纤维的加张和连续化生产。     

Cf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料防氧化涂层制备工艺研究

本文主要探索了以有机硅先驱体聚碳硅烷为粘结剂、采用热压烧结的方法制备Cf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料及碳化硅防氧化涂层的一体化工艺,探讨了聚碳硅烷含量、热压温度和压力对涂层防氧化效果的影响,并对涂层前后的Cf/SiC复合材料的防氧化性能进行了比较。结果表明:采用该工艺制备的SiC涂层Cf/SiC复合材料的防氧化性能显著提高。     

SiC(Ti)纤维与铝的相容性及预制丝性能的研究

本文利用纤维测强法研究了镀铝SiC(Ti)纤维经不同规范热处理后的抗拉强度变化规律,探讨了SiC(Ti)纤维与铝的相容性。采用超声液相浸渗法成功地制备出SiC(Ti)/Al预制丝。预制丝强度及其萃取纤维强度试验和金相、扫描电镜观察等结果表明,该纤维在所定的工艺条件下强度降级甚小,纤维与铝之间的结合良好,所制出的预制丝强度达到ROM预测值。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.