落石冲击下旧轮胎缓冲层性能研究

棚洞是交通线路防落石工程中普遍采用的一种结构,常设有缓冲层以缓冲落石冲击,耗散冲击能量。基于此提出了一种旧轮胎缓冲层,发挥旧轮胎径向变形空间大的优势,有效缓冲落石冲击作用。构筑了放置废旧轮胎缓冲层的钢筋混凝土结构模型,进行人造落石冲击缓冲层试验,根据落石质量和下落高度以及轮胎内填充介质的不同,试验分4组12次进行。结果表明:棚洞顶设置旧轮胎缓冲层可以缓冲落石冲击作用,有效降低落石冲击下棚洞顶板的加速度峰值和最大冲击力;旧轮胎缓冲层内填充砂石可以提高其刚度,使其具有一定吸能效能,但砂石比重大,对缓冲效果有一定影响;相同落石能级下,旧轮胎缓冲层对质量较小落石的缓冲效果好于质量较大的落石。     

废旧轮胎在新型柔性拦石墙结构中的应用与数值分析

废旧轮胎作为新型柔性拦石墙结构的重要组成部分,研究其组成材料及抗冲击性能具有重要意义。采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件,以子午线轮胎175/70R14为基础,建立了废旧轮胎和刚性拦石墙上添加废旧轮胎前后的有限元模型,分别考察了2种情况下刚性拦石墙所受落石冲击力的大小,研究了废旧轮胎各部分材料的耗能特点。数值分析表明:废旧轮胎吸能作用明显,能够有效地减缓落石对刚性拦石墙的冲击,并显著提高新型柔性拦石墙的防护能力。     

落石冲击作用下环形网耗能性能数值分析

环形网作为被动柔性防护系统中主要的耗能构件,对其耗能性能的研究显得尤为重要。根据被动柔性防护系统中环形网受到的约束条件,对环形网的计算模型进行了简化处理。采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对环形网进行了动力有限元分析,考察了落石尺寸、冲击速度等因素对环形网耗能性能的影响。分析结果表明：落石的下降距离、最大加速度均随落石直径的增大而减小;落石的直径越小,冲击速度越大,环形网越容易被破坏。动力有限元分析的结论可为环形网在防护工程中的应用提供参考。     

轮胎侧偏特性对汽车前轮角阶跃输入瞬态响应影响的研究

为了分析轮胎侧偏刚度对汽车前轮角阶跃输入下车身横摆角速度瞬态响应的影响,建立汽车运动的二自由度平面模型,解析分析了轮胎侧偏刚度对瞬态响应的影响。利用在ADAMD/Car中建立的整车模型进行仿真试验验证,解析分析结果与虚拟试验基本相符,得出适度增大后轮侧偏刚度,有利于提高汽车转向时的操纵稳定性的结论。     

主动防护网中钢丝绳网抗顶破力计算方法研究

主动防护网以其轻便美观等优点而被越来越多地应用于边坡落石防护,现阶段针对某一具体的边坡防护工程,其防护体系的设计多根据设计者的经验确定。主动防护网主要分为起围护作用的防护网和起加固作用的防护网,针对起加固作用的防护网进行了研究。根据防护网的实际工作状况,提出了防护网抗顶破力计算模型,理论分析了单根网格绳对球体落石的作用及主动防护网中钢丝绳网对球体落石的作用,推导了单根网格绳及主动防护网中钢丝绳网抗顶破力的计算公式,为起加固作用的防护网设计提供一定的参考价值。     

钢丝绳隔振器冲击特性试验研究

采用气缸式冲击模拟台对钢丝绳隔振器进行了冲击特性试验研究,介绍了试验系统及测量方法。在比较符合舰船实际冲击环境的情况下,获得了钢丝绳隔振器压缩和拉伸方向完整的特性曲线。试验结果分析表明,钢丝绳隔振器表现出明显的冲击软化现象,其冲击刚度特性小于静刚度和动刚度,而且它具有大阻尼耗能特性,是比较理想的抗冲元件。     

军用车辆安全轮胎防护性试验评价

介绍了安全轮胎的定义和主要技术类型,根据车辆防护性对安全轮胎的要求,对考核轮胎防护性的试验评价方法进行了研究,提出了相应的道路行驶试验方法。为了获得轮胎防护性的量化特征,建立了轮胎防护性评价指数模型,为评价轮胎防护性能提供了一种分析方法。     

岩土崩塌冲击作用下埋地管道应力与变形分析

基于散体极限平衡条件,利用马斯顿提出的沟内埋管垂直土压力计算模型,对存在冲击荷载情况的埋地管道受力进行分析,同时根据弹性半空间理论对落石冲击荷载情况下管道轴向附加荷载分布情况进行了计算分析。在利用传统的应力设计进行分析校核的同时,应用竖向变形量设计理念,研究了落石垂直冲击管道正上方时管道变形情况,以此来判断管道失效与否,为地质崩塌灾害易发区埋地管道的铺设方式提供理论和实践依据。     

延安新区压实Q_2黄土增减湿高压压缩变形特性

为研究压实Q2黄土在高压力条件下的增减湿高压压缩变形特性,采用DGD系列型高压固结仪分别对不同初始压实度和不同初始含水率条件下的压实Q2黄土试样进行高压压缩试验,分析压实Q2黄土压缩变形特性随初始压实度和初始含水率的变化规律;运用不同方法对压缩试验成果进行整理,分析侧限条件下压实Q2黄土应力应变关系特点。结果表明:压实Q2黄土的压缩变形特性受初始压实度和初始含水率的影响较大,在最大压实度和最优含水率处的压缩变形量最小;初始压实度不同,拟合压实Q2黄土应力应变关系曲线的函数也不同,在较低初始压实度条件下,用双曲线拟合效果较好,此时割线模量与应力呈线性关系,在较高初始压实度条件下,用幂函数拟合效果更好。     

特种车辆非充气轮胎研究综述

非充气轮胎对比普通充气轮胎存在不易爆胎、稳定好等特点,可有效提高特种车辆应对极端路面和复杂作业环境的能力。从非充气轮胎应用于特种车辆的巨大潜力为契机,对非充气轮胎的研究现状与趋势进行概括。对非充气轮胎的性能分析与机理研究的方法进行总结,发现其支撑体的结构、刚度、表面平滑度是影响轮胎运行期间振动和噪声的关键。根据非充气轮胎设计要求,对其拓扑优化和力学特性研究方法进行了分析整理,仿生结构非充气轮胎利用仿生学方法解决非充气轮胎性能问题将存在重要研究价值。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.