基于ICP的编队预定目标选择方法

如何对编队预定目标进行自动选择,是超视反舰导弹亟待解决的一个问题.反舰末制导雷达对编队预定目标的选择,可通过点集匹配来实现,基于此提出了一种运用ICP (Iterated Closest Point)算法进行编队预定目标选择的方法.首先通过一个粗搜索过程来确保ICP算法的初始值选取性能,然后运用ICP算法精确搜索最佳匹...     

基于结构加权的海面编队预定目标选择方法

海面目标运动和编队阵型的约束特性,使得通过对装订阵型和末制导探测阵型进行点集匹配来选择预定目标成为一种有效途径。但当编队目标释放干扰时,会引起阵型结构发生局部变化,导致目标选择性能恶化。本文基于反舰导弹目标选择需求,分析了传感器导航和探测误差、装订信息误差、编队目标运动和释放干扰等因素所引起的位置点集变形,通过利用阵型中未污染的结构信息,提出了基于几何散列法和结构加权平均Hausdorff距离的编队预定目标选择方法。理论分析和实验结果表明,该方法不受传感器导航误差和编队目标整体运动的影响,在编队存在冲淡干扰时能有效提高目标选择能力。     

基于加权MHD的反舰导弹预定目标选择方法

平均Hausdorff距离(MHD)方法基于编队的整体形状进行匹配来寻找对应点,因此,不像距离选择区法和扩展搜索图选择法那样受导弹自控段的导航误差和目标机动散布的影响。为了进一步提高反舰导弹的目标选择能力,考虑所匹配点集不同区域对Hausdorff距离函数的贡献程度不一样,提出了加权MHD(WMHD)来研究编队预定目标选择问题。首先通过刚体变换方法将火控雷达和末制导雷达探测到的编队点集进行位置匹配,然后利用WMHD方法获取其最优变换位置,最后据此最优变换位置预测预定选择目标在末制导雷达开机的位置。通过仿真实验表明其具有较强对抗冲淡干扰和形状扭曲失真的能力,且性能明显优于MHD方法。     

选择编队指定目标的一种新方法

提出了反舰导弹攻击末段对编队中指定目标进行识别的一种新方法。通过将被打击的编队在自控开机点各目标预估的位置信息,与末制导雷达开机时刻实际探测到的编队各目标的空间位置关系进行对比,得到各节点其向量差值之和的最小值,从而正确地选择出空间位置关系最逼近预定打击目标的指定目标。在被打击目标施放冲淡干扰的情况下,采用虚拟中心点和二次识别的方法能较好地识别出指定目标。通过进行大量的导弹突防对抗仿真,证实该算法获得了编队作战较好的突防概率和攻击效果。     

基于MHD的反舰导弹预定目标选择方法

如何对编队预定目标进行自动选择,是超视反舰导弹亟待解决的一个问题.提出用基于Hausdorff距离的形状匹配理论来解决编队预定目标选择问题.平均Hausdorff距离(MHD)能够较好地比较两个点集所构成形状的相似程度.通过寻找刚体变换下的最小MHD来搜索最佳匹配位置,最后用双向最近邻准则获得对应点.仿真实验表明了算法...     

基于选择点的预定目标选择方法原理及性能

反舰导弹末制导雷达的目标选择方法主要采用"先入为主"和"录取对比"方法。从影响目标选择的误差因素出发,对这两种目标选择方法的原理进行了分析研究。研究表明:这两种方法都是基于选择点的预定目标选择方法;且由于受自控终点散布误差和目标机动误差的影响,基于选择点的预定目标选择方法不适应超视距应用。蒙特卡罗仿真表明,预定目标上释放冲淡干扰时,基于选择点的预定目标选择方法已基本不具备预定目标选择能力,超视距情况下正确选择预定目标的概率低于0.2。     

反舰导弹对编队内预定目标捕捉概率研究

基于现代反舰导弹末制导雷达的搜索过程，通过分析反舰导弹对编队内预定目标的捕捉条件，研究反舰导弹对编队内预定目标的捕捉概率计算模型，研究了反舰导弹对编队进行突击时捕捉概率的计算方法，并通过实例计算，得出反舰导弹对编队突击时，突击方向和开机时机等参数的确定方法。     

基于神经网络自适应PID的无人机编队避障飞行控制研究

针对无人机编队避障飞行控制难题,研究了无人机编队避障航迹规划与智能控制技术.首先,提出一种基于改进人工势场法的无人机编队航迹规划算法,利用改进势场函数和引入"随机波动"法等手段,解决了传统人工势场法用于无人机编队航迹规划时遇到的无法到达目标点以及局部最小值问题,并提升了传统算法航迹规划的快速性和鲁棒性.其次,设计了一种...     

基于GM-PHD的低可观测编队目标跟踪方法

考虑到多编队在低可观测情况下存在的目标跟踪问题,提出了一种基于高斯混合概率假设密度(GM-PHD)滤波算法的编队目标跟踪方法.该方法是在修剪融合过程中,先保留剪掉的高斯分量,再对这些分量进行状态外推,利用JS(Jensen-Shannon)散度判断下一时刻状态估计值与外推状态值是否相似,以判断结果体现目标丢失情况,使得真实目标不丢失,解决了低可观测情况下目标易漏检带来的跟踪性能下降问题.然后,利用编队目标的特点,结合密度聚类方法估计出编队整体的状态,避免因状态估计集合中状态值过多影响算法性能.最终,仿真实验结果表明,该方法可以在低可观测情况下有效跟踪编队目标,具有较好的跟踪性能.     

协同反潜指控决策建模及优化研究

介绍了多目标优化模型.建立了协同反潜作战中目标威胁度和射击有利度模型,将遗传算法引入到指控决策优化过程中.设计了基于遗传算法的指控决策优化算法,并对算法作了适应度值乘幂变换和保存最优个体策略方面的改进.以编队协同防御为例,得到了未改进的遗传算法和改进的遗传算法的优化结果,并对两种方法的优化效果进行了比较,比较结果表明:无论是从算法的收敛速度还是寻优率方面,做过改进的算法都较未改进的算法优越.通过选择不同的初始种群进行多次试验的方法,验证了优化结果的正确性.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.