基于Lanchester方程的编队舰空导弹作战能力评估模型全文替换

针对编队舰空导弹作战能力对抗评估问题,在构建舰空导弹初始作战能力指数、双方损耗效率系数、正常发挥因子、指挥自动化系数评估模型基础上,构建了基于Lanchester方程的单舰舰空导弹作战能力评估模型,进而分析编队对抗损耗效率系数及武器分配系数评估模型,构建了基于Lanchester方程的编队舰空导弹协同作战能力评估模型,评定编队舰空导弹作战能力,为编队舰空导弹协同作战能力评估提供模型依据。     

火力对抗条件下防空导弹作战有效性分析

针对火力对抗条件下空中来袭目标对国土或岛屿进行轰炸的情况,通过分析作战双方兵力兵器的变化关系,建立了轰炸机——防空导弹对抗的确定型Lanchester方程,并以此方程为基础,导出随机类型的Lanchester方程。结合基于随机服务系统理论的作战有效性分析的排队论模型及方法,获得在来袭目标有火力对抗条件下防空武器的作战有效性分析方法。     

雷达对抗系统作战能力的评估模型

针对雷达对抗系统的作战能力评估问题,结合其组成及基本作战模式,建立了雷达对抗系统作战能力评价指标体系.基于指标体系中不同的上下层指标间的关系给出了两种不同的聚合模型.采用该模型分析了雷达对抗系统作战能力评价指标体系中各层指标间的聚合关系,得到了雷达对抗系统的作战能力评估模型,实例表明该雷达对抗系统作战能力评估模型具有实...     

舰艇对抗反舰导弹威胁判断变权评估方法

分析了威胁判断中常权评估方法可能导致不合理评估结果的原因,针对舰艇对抗反舰导弹的威胁判断问题,结合变权原理提出了来袭反舰导弹威胁判断的变权确定方法,进而建立了舰艇对抗反舰导弹威胁判断的变权评估模型.实例分析表明该方法较现有的方法更可信合理,可为威胁评判提供理论与方法支持.     

野战通信对抗仿真系统中的传播模型分析

传播模型的建立是进行通信对抗仿真的一项关键技术 ,直接影响到仿真系统的准确性和对通信对抗效果评估的可靠性。在野战条件下 ,“地波”是战术无线电台通信的主要传播方式。本文讨论了野战通信对抗仿真系统中的“地波”传播模型 ,对各个频段的地表面波传播损耗进行较细致的分析     

《基于Agent的心理对抗效果评估方法》书评

廖东升撰著的《基于Agent的心理对抗效果评估方法》一书,已由军事科学出版社出版。该书首次将计算机仿真技术引入心理对抗效果评估,系统地研究了心理对抗效果评估方法,开发了心理对抗效果评估系统。该系统能够对复杂条件下双方心理对抗博弈模式进行识别及挖掘,分析影响士气变化的关键因素,探索心理对抗效果产生的内在规律,为心理作战提供决策支持。     

多层观察者模式的对抗训练裁决方法

对抗训练裁决是训练效果评估的重要内容。为了确保对抗裁决在海量训练数据处理中的实时性、稳定性和高效性,支撑对抗训练进程有序推进,设计了一种多层观察者模式对抗裁决方法。面向对抗裁决系统研制,分析了系统在训练信息系统中的角色,围绕训练管理、训练效果评估、对抗裁决建立了多层主题与观察模式。以防精确打击对抗裁决为例,建立了裁决模型和裁决规则。对抗裁决系统的实现与应用证明了方法的可行性。     

基于隶属度与信息熵的空间目标威胁评估

空间目标威胁评估是空间作战过程中的一个重要环节。结合空间武器对抗的特点,分析了影响空间目标威胁评估的主要因素,构建了空间目标威胁体系和威胁评估示意图,给出了空间目标威胁评估的指标。在威胁评估依据和原则的基础上,建立了基于指标隶属度与信息熵的威胁评估模型。通过实例应用表明,评估模型实现了空间目标威胁评估,为空间作战的指挥决策提供了依据。     

基于演化网络的体系对抗效能模型

在对Lanchester假设的扩展和网络化基础上,构造了体系对抗战场的图论表示FR,B=红军网络IR∪蓝军网络IB∪交战空间fR,B,利用生成fR,B的随机子网和对参战网络"去点"的方法,提出一种统一表示体系对抗中交战行为与网络行为的模型新范例——体系对抗演化网络模型,模型中网络部队作战效能不但依赖兵力规模和武器性能,而且受网络结构及其战场环境的影响。试验对比了拥有同等作战资源网络体系的作战效能,得到在一个对抗系统中无标度网络对随机网络的胜率高但并非总赢的结论,初步分析了在对抗系统中无标度网有效、鲁棒但脆弱的原因。     

基于博弈论的C~4ISR系统监视与侦察功能模型

监视与侦察已成为现代C4ISR系统的重要组成部分,传统的监视与侦察系统效能分析方法存在模型难以建立、结果不准确等问题,很难量化其与作战效果之间的影响。在对基于Lanchester方程的C4ISR系统建模方法进行研究的基础上,提出了反映监视与侦察功能的Lanchester方程模型,并引入博弈论分析了战场上信息的不对称对交战结果的影响,克服了描述C4ISR系统的Lanchester方程没有考虑作战单元、对手和环境间的动态交互以及数学结构简单的缺点。仿真结果验证了模型的有效性。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.