基于兵力损失交换比的C~4ISR系统监视与侦察功能模型

监视与侦察系统是现代C4ISR系统的重要组成部分,传统的监视与侦察系统效能分析方法存在模型难以建立的问题,很难量化其与作战效果之间的影响。在对基于Lanchester方程的C4ISR系统建模方法进行研究的基础上,提出了基于兵力损失交换比的监视与侦察功能的Lanchester方程模型,并通过仿真讨论了侦察和监视能力对战果的贡献。     

战场感知和LANCHESTER方程的C~4ISR系统建模

正确利用监视和侦察设备的战场感知能力已成为C4ISR系统作战能力倍增的重要因素,首先建立了战场感知能力的量化模型,然后利用改进的Lanchester方程建立了反应战场感知能力的C4ISR系统量化模型,通过仿真实例验证了模型的有效性,说明战场感知能力在现代战争中争取到主动权,大大提高部队的综合战斗能力.     

数字化作战对炮兵装备的影响

通过对数字化战场和数字化部队的描述,分析了数字化作战对炮兵作战指挥、作战方式、部队编成、生存能力及后勤保障的影响,探讨了IC4ISR系统协调下炮兵营(连)的作战过程(监视与侦察、决策与指挥、机动与打击、评估与反馈、重组与恢复),进一步阐明了IC4ISR(一体化的指挥、控制、通信、计算机、情报、监视与侦察)系统在炮兵数字化中的核心作用,结合信息传递数字化、指挥体系扁平化、火力控制自动化、情报侦察网络化、发射平台机动化、装备建设配套化,提出了数字化作战对炮兵武器系统的具体要求。     

基于UML的C4ISR体系结构描述方法

C4ISR系统是集指挥、控制、通信、计算机和情报、监视、侦察为一体的复杂大系统,无论开发和仿真都需要建立科学合理的需求分析模型.根据UML的特点和C4ISR体系结构及其产品特点,提出了用UML来描述C4ISR体系结构的方法,并通过对某防空旅的作战描述说明了该方法的可行性.     

随机性理论在情报监视侦察建模中的应用

情报、监视、侦察(ISR)建模是战役级作战仿真建模的重点和难点,在仿真中不仅要求ISR模型能够准确地反映战场空间实体之间的感知交互,同时还要有较高的运行速度。为了解决此问题,以随机性理论为基础进行情报监视侦察的建模仿真,以区域侦察飞行器图像情报的建模全流程为例,阐述其主要环节的建模方法,并通过仿真实验验证了该套建模方法的适用性和有效性。与传统的确定性ISR建模方法相比,该方法在保证仿真精度的同时提高了运行效率,为战役级作战仿真中C4ISR建模与仿真提供了参考方法。     

运用新C4ISR的战术作战

本文探讨新C4ISR系统(指挥、控制、通信、计算机、情报、监视和侦察)对未来可能实施的战术作战方式的影响.首先叙述其对2010年时间架构内参加扩展的近战的装甲机动部队的可能影响.然后概述联合战术战斗概念,并指出信息时代作战艺术的精髓.     

浅谈C^4ISH体系结构技术

一、前言C4ISR(指挥,控制,通信,情报,计算机,侦察与监视)系统是以军事科学为基础,在军队指挥体系中,采用以电子计算机为主的技术装备,与指挥、技术人员相结合,对部队和武器系统实施指挥与控制的人机系统,我军称其为军事综合电子信息系统或指挥自动化系统。C4ISR系统是指挥员实施指挥的具体技术手段,在现代战争中占有举足轻重的地位,它不仅可以缩短作战准备时间,     

C4ISR仿真系统分析和设计

分析了指挥、控制、通讯、计算机、信息、监视和侦察(C4ISR)系统的复杂性特点,指出C4ISR系统在应用过程中,需要仿真系统对系统操作员和指挥员进行训练.研究了C4ISR仿真系统及其各子系统的实现模型,最后以舰艇C4ISR为例进行设计,通过分布式交互仿真协议(DIS)实现各子系统信息的互连.仿真结果表明,系统也可以为检测各种实际系统提供仿真环境和数据.     

AHP-Fuzzy法评估C4ISR系统作战效能中的应用

C4ISR系统在现代战争中的重要作用使得其评价问题得到了前所未有的重视.结合C4ISR系统的实战情况,通过对影响其作战效能不确定因素的分析和处理,运用AHP-Fuzzy分析法,建立了C4ISR系统作战效能的综合量化评估模型,讨论了联合作战中C4ISR系统的定量评估方法.最后通过算例,证明了此方法的有效性和可行性,为C4ISR系统的效能评估提供了一种有效的方法和途径.     

基于对策论的C4ISR系统作战效能评估方法

C4ISR系统在现代战争中的重要作用使得其评价问题得到了前所未有的重视.但C4ISR系统的复杂性使得大多研究仅限于其自身效能,而对使用效能特别是作战效能的评估则关注较少.通过对C4ISR系统效能评估的分析和研究,提出了一种基于对策论的C4ISR系统作战效能评估方法,利用矩阵对策构建不同作战策略的效能评估模型,实现了对抗环境中C4ISR系统作战效能的动态评估,并给出了模型的分析与求解方法.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.